A dataset handle and abstract low level access to the data. the dataset will takes data stored locally, in the format in which they have been downloaded, and will convert them into a MNE raw object. There are options to pool all the different recording sessions per subject or to evaluate them separately.

See http://moabb.neurotechx.com/docs/dataset_summary.html for detail on datasets (electrodes, number of trials, sessions, etc.)

Data Summary

MOABB gathers many datasets for BCI research. Use the interactive table below to explore, filter by paradigm, health status, country, or license, and export to CSV. Click any dataset name for full documentation.

It is also possible to add new datasets — there is a tutorial explaining how to do so, and we welcome any new contributions!

External datasets in BIDS format can also be used via LocalBIDSDataset.

Experimental — This metadata catalog is under active consolidation. Some values may be incomplete or approximate. The information will be progressively validated to match the exact dataset properties. If you spot an error, please open an issue.

204

Datasets

curated BCI datasets

4,476

Subjects

total participants

5

Paradigms

BCI paradigm types

25

Countries

represented

2004–2026

Years

publication span

Imagery (106)P300 / ERP (69)SSVEP (18)c-VEP (8)Resting State (3)

Dataset	Paradigm	#Subj	#Chan	#EEG	#Classes	Freq (Hz)	Trial (s)	#Sess	#Runs	Health	#Trials	Country	Year	DOI	Class Labels	Stimulus	Modality	Feedback	Sync	Mode	Study Design	Hardware	Reference	Sensor Type	Montage	Line Freq	Filters	Cap Mfr	Software	Clinical Pop.	Age Mean	Age Min	Age Max	Gender	Handedness	BCI Exp.	License	Institution	Repository	Duration (h)	Author	Data URL	Pathology Tags	Modality Tags	Type Tags	File Format	EOG	EMG	#Blocks	Trials Context	Stim. Freqs	Code Type	#Targets	#Repetitions	ISI (ms)	SOA (ms)	MI Tasks
AguileraRodriguez2025	Imagery	15	24	24	4	500	11.8	2	1	healthy	1800	🇲🇽 MX	2025	DOI	avanzar, retroceder, der...	visual + auditory cue	visual		synchronous	offline	Comparison of traditiona...	mBrainTrain Smarting	FCz	EEG	standard_1005	60						18	27	male:8, female:7		naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Tecnologico de Monterrey	Mendeley Data				Healthy	Speech	Research	EDF	No	No		15 subjects x 120 trials...							avanzar, retroceder, der...
Alawieh2025	Imagery	27	35	32	2	512	4	1	1	able-bodied and spinal cord injury		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand			kinesthetic	cue-based	offline		ANT Neuro eego with Ag/A...	CPz	Ag/AgCl	10-20	50				25 able-bodied, 2 spinal...							CC-BY-4.0	The University of Texas...	Zenodo			Link	healthy, spinal cord inj...	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	No
AlexMI	Imagery	8	16	16	3	512	3	1	1	healthy	60	🇫🇷 FR	2012	DOI	right_hand, feet, rest	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Cue-based motor imagery...	g.tec g.USBamp	earlobe	EEG	standard_1005	50			Matlab/Simulink								CC-BY-SA-4.0	Université de Grenoble	Zenodo		Alexandre Barachant	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	fif	No	No		20 trials per class, 3 s...							right_hand, feet, rest
BCIComp2020UpperLimb	Imagery	15	60	60	3	250	4	3	1	healthy	450	🇰🇷 KR	2022	DOI	cylindrical, spherical,...	visual cue	visual		synchronous	offline	Three-session cue-based...	BrainAmp (BrainProducts...	FCz		standard_1005	60	{'notch_hz': 60}		BrainVision with MATLAB...			20	34				CC-BY-4.0	Korea University	OSF			Link	Healthy	MotorImagery	Research, Competition	MAT	No	No		450 trials per subject (...							cylindrical, spherical,...
BCIComp2020WalkingERP	P300 / ERP	15	56	46	2	100	1	1	3	healthy	300	🇰🇷 KR	2022	DOI	NonTarget, Target	visual character (OOO ta...	visual		synchronous	offline	Visual oddball P300 (tar...				standard_1005	50						19	32	female:4, male:11			CC-BY-4.0	Korea University	OSF			Link	Healthy	P300	Research, Competition, A...	MAT	No	No		15 subjects * 300 trials...
BI2012	P300 / ERP	25	16	16	2	128		1	2	healthy	Target: 128, non-Target:...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual flashes of alien...	visual	visual (game interface)	synchronous	both	longitudinal and transve...	NeXus-32 (MindMedia/TMSi...	hardware common average...	EEG	standard_1020	50			OpenVibe		24.4	21	31			half played games occasi...	CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		M. Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat, csv	No	No		per session (Training se...				8
BI2013a	P300 / ERP	24	16	16	2	512		8	2	healthy	Training_Target: 80, Tra...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual flashes	visual	visual (Brain Invaders v...		both	compare P300-based BCI w...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	left earlobe	wet Silver/Silver Chlori...	standard_1020	50	no digital filter applie...	g.tec	OpenVibe		25.96	20	30	male:12, female:12		volunteers recruited via...	CC-BY-1.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		M. Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat, csv, gdf	No	No		per_phase
BI2014a	P300 / ERP	64	16	16	2	512		1	1	healthy	variable; up to 8 attemp...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual flashes	visual	visual		online	calibration-less P300-ba...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	right earlobe	dry electrodes	standard_1020	50	no digital filter applie...	g.tec	OpenVibe		23.55			male:49, female:22	not specified	57 were naïve BCI partic...	CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat and csv	No	No	9	9 levels per session, up...			1	12
BI2014b	P300 / ERP	38	32	32	2	512		1	1	healthy	variable per session (9...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual flashes	visual	visual	synchronous	online	multi-user/hyperscanning...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	right earlobe	wet electrodes	standard_1020	50		g.tec	OpenVibe		24.1			male:24, female:14		not naïve users - select...	CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat and csv	No	No	9	9 levels per game sessio...			1
BI2015a	P300 / ERP	43	32	32	2	512		3	1	healthy	variable per subject (up...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	oddball paradigm on grid...	visual	visual (game interface w...	synchronous	online	calibration-less P300-ba...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	right earlobe	wet electrodes	standard_1020	50	no digital filter applie...	g.tec	OpenVibe		23.7			male:31, female:12		mostly students and youn...	CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat and csv	No	No	3	9 levels per session wit...			1	12
BI2015b	P300 / ERP	44	32	32	2	512		1	4	patients	variable per subject (fo...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual flash	visual	visual (game interface w...		online	Subjects played in pairs...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	right earlobe	wet Silver/Silver Chlori...	standard_1020	50	no digital filter applie...	g.tec	OpenVibe	Healthy							CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat and csv	No	No	4	per subject (four random...
BNCI2003_004	Imagery	5	118	118	2	100	3.5	1	1	healthy	280	🇩🇪 DE	2004	DOI	right_hand, feet	visual cue				offline		BrainAmp		EEG	standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.05, 200]...										CC-BY-4.0	Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA);...	BBCI		Klaus-Robert Müller		Healthy	Motor	Research	mat	No	No		280 cues per subject, sp...							right_hand, feet
BNCI2014_001	Imagery	9	25	22	4	250	4	2	6	healthy	training: 288, test: 288	🇦🇹 AT	2012	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...	arrow_cue	multisensory	none	synchronous	offline	Cue-based four-class mot...	BrainAmp MR plus	left mastoid	Ag/AgCl	custom	50	bandpass 0.5-100 Hz, 50...	EASYCAP GmbH	BCI2000								CC-BY-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon		Michael Tangermann	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor	GDF	No	No	6	per session: 6 runs of 4...							left_hand, right_hand, f...
BNCI2014_002	Imagery	14	15	15	2	512	5	1	8	healthy	160	🇦🇹 AT	2014	DOI	right_hand, feet	bar_graph	visual	continuous	synchronous	online	Two-class motor imagery:...	g.USBamp	left mastoid	Ag/AgCl	Laplacian	50	8th order Butterworth ba...	Guger Technologies OG	BCI2000			20	30			mixed	CC-BY-ND-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	BNCI Horizon				Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT	No	No	8	total per subject							right_hand, feet
BNCI2014_004	Imagery	9	6	3	2	250	7.5	5	1	healthy	screening: 120, feedback...	🇦🇹 AT	2007	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	arrow_cue	visual	visual	cue_based	both	Two-class motor imagery:...	g.tec	left mastoid	EEG	standard_1020	50	0.5-100 Hz bandpass, 50...	Easycap	rtsBCI (MATLAB/Simulink)		24.7				right	naive	CC-BY-ND-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	BNCI Horizon		G. Pfurtscheller	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	No		per session							left_hand, right_hand
BNCI2014_008	P300 / ERP	8	8	8	2	256		1	1	patients	35	🇮🇹 IT	2013	DOI	Target, NonTarget	row-column intensificati...	visual	visual	synchronous	online	P300 speller with 6x6 ma...	g.MOBILAB	right earlobe	active electrodes	10-10	50	0.1-10 Hz bandpass, 50 H...		BCI2000	amyotrophic lateral scle...	58	40	72	M:5, F:3		naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Fondazione Santa Lucia	BNCI Horizon		Febo Cincotti		ALS	P300	ERP	Unknown	No	No	7	per subject (7 words, 5...			36	10	125	250
BNCI2014_009	P300 / ERP	10	16	16	2	256	16	3	1	healthy	18	🇮🇹 IT	2014	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual_intensification	visual	none	synchronous	offline	P300-based BCI with two...	g.USBamp	linked earlobes	Ag/AgCl	10-10	50	bandpass 0.1-20 Hz	Electro-Cap Internationa...	BCI2000		26.8			female:10, male:0		experienced	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Fondazione Santa Lucia I...	BNCI Horizon		F Cincotti		Healthy	Visual	P300, ERP	MAT	No	No	3	6 trials × 3 runs per se...			36	8	125	250
BNCI2015_001	Imagery	12	13	13	2	512	11	3	1	healthy	200	🇦🇹 AT	2012	DOI	right_hand, feet	cursor_feedback	visual	visual	synchronous	training	Two-class motor imagery:...	g.tec	Car	active electrode	10-20	50	50 Hz notch	g.tec	Matlab		24.8			male:7, female:5	all right-handed	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	BNCI Horizon		Reinhold Scherer		Healthy	Motor	Motor	gdf	No	No		per_session							right_hand_palmar_grip,...
BNCI2015_003	P300 / ERP	10	8	8	2	256		1	2	patients		🇦🇹 AT	2009	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual	visual		synchronous		Visual P300 speller (36-...				standard_1005	50				Healthy							CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	g.tec Medical Engineerin...	BNCI Horizon		Guenter Edlinger		Healthy	Visual	ERP, P300	mat	No	No		one training run and one...
BNCI2015_004	Imagery	9	30	30	5	256	11	2	1	patients	40	🇪🇸 ES	2015	DOI	math, letter, rotation,...	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	screening	Five mental tasks: word...	g.tec	left and right mastoid	active electrode	10-20	50	0.5-100 Hz bandpass, 50...	g.tec		stroke and spinal cord i...	38	20	57	male:2, female:7	not specified	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Institut Guttmann	BNCI Horizon 2020		Reinhold Scherer	Link	Stroke, Spinal Cord Inju...	Motor, Cognitive	Motor, Cognitive	gdf	Yes	No	8	per_class_per_day							right_hand, feet, word_a...
BNCI2015_006	P300 / ERP	11	64	64	2	200	40	1	1	patients	3-7 deviants per instrum...	🇩🇪 DE	2014	DOI	Target, NonTarget	musical oddball	auditory	none	asynchronous	offline	Multi-streamed musical o...	Brain Products	left mastoid	active electrode	10-10	50	{'bandpass': [0.016, 250...	Brain Products		Healthy	28	21	50	male:7, female:4	all but one right-handed	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Technische Universität B...	GitHub		B Blankertz	Link	Healthy	Auditory	Perception, Attention	gdf	No	No	10	per_instrument_per_clip			3
BNCI2015_007	P300 / ERP	16	63	63	2	100	30	1	2	patients	120	🇩🇪 DE	2012	DOI	Target, NonTarget	motion VEP (mVEP)	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Three different Cake Spe...	BrainAmp EEG amplifier	linked mastoids	active electrode	10-10	50	hardware bandpass filter...	Brain Products	Pyff, VisionEgg, MATLAB	Healthy	23.8	21	30	male:10, female:6	normal or corrected-to-n...	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon		Benjamin Blankertz		Healthy	Visual	P300, VEP	gdf	No	No	4	per_selection (2 levels...			6	10	100	200
BNCI2015_008	P300 / ERP	13	63	63	2	250	30	1	2	patients	60 intensifications per...	🇩🇪 DE	2011	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual_flash	visual	none	synchronous	online	Two-stage visual speller...	Brain Products actiCAP	left mastoid	active electrode	10-10	50	0.016-250 Hz bandpass	Brain Products		Healthy	27	16	45	male:8, female:5	right:12, left:1	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	GitHub			Link	Healthy	Visual	ERP, P300	gdf	No	No		per_stage			30	10		200
BNCI2015_009	P300 / ERP	21	62	60	2	1000	0.8	1	2	patients	48	🇩🇪 DE	2011	DOI	Target, NonTarget	spatial_auditory	auditory	auditory	synchronous	online	Auditory Multi-class Spa...	BrainAmp (Brain Products...	nose	Ag/AgCl electrodes	standard_1005	50	hardware analog band-pas...	Brain Products		Healthy	34.1	20	57			naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon		Michael Tangermann		Healthy	Auditory	P300	mat	Yes	No		calibration phase of Ses...			6	15
BNCI2015_010	P300 / ERP	12	63	63	2	200	46.5	1	2	patients	10 sequences of 30 symbo...	🇩🇪 DE	2013	DOI	Target, NonTarget	RSVP letters	visual	visual	synchronous	online	RSVP (Rapid Serial Visua...	BrainAmp amplifiers	left mastoid	active electrode	10-20	50	lowpass Chebyshev filter...	Brain Products	Python with Pyff framewo...	Healthy	29.17	24	55	male:6, female:6	all right-handed	mixed	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon		Benjamin Blankertz		Healthy	Visual	ERP	EEG	No	No	3	per sequence			30	10		116
BNCI2015_012	P300 / ERP	10	63	63	2	250		1	2	patients	27	🇩🇪 DE	2011	DOI	Target, NonTarget	auditory tones	auditory	visual	synchronous	online	Nine-class auditory ERP...	Brain Products	nose	wet Ag/AgCl electrodes	10-20	50	0.1-250 Hz analog bandpa...	EasyCap GmbH	Matlab	Healthy	25.3	21	34	male:8, female:2		mostly naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon				Healthy	Auditory	ERP, P300	gdf	Yes	No		total across all calibra...	708, 524, 380		9	15	125	225
BNCI2015_013	P300 / ERP	6	64	64	2	512	2	20	1	patients	~50 trials per block, ~6...	🇨🇭 CH	2010	DOI	Target, NonTarget	cursor_movement	visual	visual	synchronous	offline	Error-related potential...	Biosemi ActiveTwo		active	standard_1020	50				Healthy	27.83			male:5, female:1	not reported	not reported	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Ecole Polytechnique Fédé...	BNCI Horizon		José del R. Millán		Healthy	Cognitive	ErrP	matlab	No	No	10	per_block
BNCI2016_002	P300 / ERP	15	69	59	2	200	3	1	1	healthy	~99 emergency braking ev...	🇩🇪 DE	2011	DOI	Target, NonTarget	emergency_braking_scenar...	visual	visual (colored circle i...	asynchronous	online	Participants drove a vir...	BrainAmp	nose	Ag/AgCl	extended 10-20	50	{'highpass_hz': 0.1, 'lo...	Easycap	TORCS		30.6				right-handed	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	BNCI Horizon		Benjamin Blankertz		Healthy	Visual, Multisensory	Driving, Neuroergonomics	.mat	Yes	Yes	3	Emergency braking events...
BNCI2019_001	Imagery	10	64	61	5	256	5	1	9	patients	360	🇦🇹 AT	2019	DOI	supination, pronation, h...	visual cue	visual	visual feedback (online...	synchronous	both	motor imagery and attemp...	g.tec	left earlobe	active electrode	10-5	50	50 Hz notch, 0.01-100 Hz...	g.tec medical engineerin...	EEGlab 14.1.1b	spinal cord injury	49.8	20	78	male:9, female:1	right-handed (all partic...		CC-BY-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	Zenodo		Gernot R. Müller-Putz	Link	Spinal Cord Injury	Motor	Motor	GDF	Yes	No	9	total per subject (72 tr...							hand_open, palmar_grasp,...
BNCI2020_001	Imagery	45	64	58	3	256		1	1	healthy	80	🇦🇹 AT	2020	DOI	palmar_grasp, lateral_gr...	physical objects (jar, s...	visual	visual (screen showing n...	self-paced	execution	self-initiated reach-and...	g.tec USBamp/g.tec Ladyb...	right earlobe	Gel-based active electro...	5% grid system	50	8th order Chebyshev filt...					15	30	male:25, female:20	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	Institute of Neural Engi...	BNCI Horizon 2020		Gernot R. Müller-Putz	Link	Healthy	Visual	Execution	MAT	Yes	No	4	per_class			2				palmar grasp, lateral gr...
BNCI2020_002	P300 / ERP	18	32	30	2	250		1	1	healthy	24	🇩🇪 DE	2020	DOI	NonTarget, Target	colored crosses (green +...	visual	visual (yes/no text)	synchronous	online		BrainAmp DC Amplifier	right mastoid	Ag/AgCl electrodes	extended 10-20	50	0.1 Hz highpass	Brain Products GmbH			27	19	38	male:8, female:10			CC-BY-4.0	Leibniz Institute for Ne...	BNCI Horizon		Stefan Dürschmid	Link	Healthy	Visual	Attention	MAT	Yes	No	7	per_block			2	10		850
BNCI2022_001	Imagery	13	67	64	1	256	90	1	1	patients	offline_session: 32 traj...	🇨🇭 CH	2021	DOI	trajectory_start	visual	visual	visual	cue-based	both	Subjects piloted a simul...	Biosemi ActiveTwo	car	active	10-10	50			EEGLAB	normal or corrected-to-n...	22.6			female:8, male:5	right:12, left:1		CC-BY-4.0	Ecole Polytechnique Fede...	BNCI Horizon		Jose del R. Millan		Healthy	EEG	Experimental/Research	gdf	Yes	No	2	Offline session: v-shape...							right_hand, left_hand, f...
BNCI2024_001	Imagery	20	64	60	10	500	8.5	1	2	healthy	60	🇦🇹 AT	2024	DOI	letter_a, letter_d, lett...	letter cue	visual	Training included visual...		offline	Handwritten character ta...	BrainVision	right mastoid	active electrodes	eogl1 eogl2 eogl3 eogr1...	50	50 Hz notch	Brain Products GmbH	EEGLAB		27.5			male:11, female:11	right:22	not specified	CC-BY-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	BNCI Horizon 2020		Gernot R. Müller-Putz	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor	MAT	Yes	No	15	per_class							handwriting of letters a...
BNCI2025_001	Imagery	20	71	60	16	500		1	1	patients	960	🇦🇹 AT	2024	DOI	up_slow_near, up_slow_fa...	visual cue	visual	visual (cue color: green...	cue-paced	both	Four-direction center-ou...	BrainAmp	common average	EEG	standard_1005	50	50 Hz notch	Zebris Medical GmbH	EEGLAB	Healthy	26.1			male:12, female:8	right:17, left:3		CC-BY-4.0	Institute of Neural Engi...	GitHub		Gernot R Müller-Putz	Link	Healthy	Visual	Motor	EEG (BrainAmp)	Yes	No	10	per_participant (before...			4				right_hand_reaching
BNCI2025_002	Imagery	10	64	60	3	200	23	3	3	patients	calibration_eyeruns: 38,...	🇦🇹 AT	2022	DOI	snakerun, freerun, eyeru...	visual targets (white sn...	visual	visual (green dot showin...	continuous	attempted movement	Attempted movement parad...	actiCAP, Brain Products...	right mastoid	EEG	standard_1005	50	anti-aliasing 25 Hz, not...		MATLAB 2015b, Psychtoolb...	Healthy (able-bodied par...	24			male:5, female:5	right:10	naive BCI users in terms...	CC-BY-4.0	Institute of Neural Engi...	GitHub		Gernot R Müller-Putz	Link	Healthy, Spinal cord inj...	Visual	Motor attempt, Continuou...	gdf	Yes	No		per_paradigm_type							attempted arm/hand movem...
Batista2022	Imagery	20	38	32	2	500	5	1	5	healthy		🇵🇹 PT	2022	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual		visual	cue-based	online	Within-subject, randomiz...	LiveAmp 32 (Brain Produc...		active Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50		Brain Products GmbH	BrainVision Recorder		24.79						CC-BY-4.0	Instituto Superior Tecni...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision	No	No	5	One lab session per subj...							left_hand, right_hand
Beetl2021_A	Imagery	3	63	63	4	500	4	1	2	healthy		🇬🇧 GB	2022	DOI	rest, left_hand, right_h...			visual		online	online_bci_game			EEG	standard_1005	50	1-100 Hz bandpass, 50 Hz...										CC-BY-4.0	Multiple institutions	beetl.ai		A. Aldo Faisal	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	NPY	No	No		Data collected during Cy...							rest, left_hand, right_h...
Beetl2021_B	Imagery	2	32	32	4	200	4	1	2	healthy		🇬🇧 GB	2022		left_hand, right_hand, f...				synchronous	offline	cross-dataset transfer l...			EEG	standard_1005	50	Bandpass filter (1-100 H...										CC-BY-4.0	Imperial College London	beetl.ai		A. Aldo Faisal	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	numpy	No	No		Training and testing dat...							left_hand, right_hand, f...
Brandl2020	Imagery	16	63	63	2	1000	4.5	1	7	healthy	504	🇩🇪 DE	2020	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	auditory	auditory	auditory	cue-based	online	Motor imagery under dist...	2x BrainAmp (Brain Produ...	nose	Ag/AgCl wet	standard_1005	50		EasyCap	BBCI Toolbox (MATLAB)		26.3			female:6, male:10		mostly naive (3/16 had p...	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Technische Universitaet...	DepositOnce TU Berlin		Benjamin Blankertz	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT (HDF5 v7.3)	No	No	7	7 runs per subject: 1 ca...							left_hand, right_hand
Brodu2012	Imagery	1	11	11	2	512		1	14	healthy		🇫🇷 FR	2012	DOI	left_hand, right_hand						Graz University motor im...	Mindmedia NeXus32B ampli...	common average (nose ele...		10-10	50											free for research use	INRIA Rennes-Bretagne At...	OpenViBE (Inria)			Link					No	No
CastillosBurstVEP100	c-VEP	12	32	32	2	500	2.2	1	1	healthy	60	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	0, 1	visual	visual	none	synchronous	offline	factorial within-subject	BrainProducts LiveAmp 32	FCz	eeg	standard_1020	50	{'notch': {'freq': 50.0,...	BrainProducts			30.6			female:4, male:8			CC-BY-4.0	Institut Supérieur de l'...	Zenodo		Frédéric Dehais	Link	Healthy	EEG	reactive BCI, c-VEP, vis...	EEGLAB .set	No	No	15	15 blocks x 4 trials per...		burst	4
CastillosBurstVEP40	c-VEP	12	32	32	2	500	2.2	1	1	healthy	60	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	0, 1	aperiodic visual flashes	visual	none	synchronous	offline	factorial design	BrainProducts LiveAmp 32	FCz	eeg	standard_1020	50	{'line_noise': 'IIR cut-...	BrainProducts			30.6			female:4, male:8			CC-BY-4.0	Institut Supérieur de l'...	Zenodo		Frédéric Dehais	Link	Healthy	EEG	reactive BCI, c-VEP	EEGLAB .set	No	No	15	15 blocks x 4 trials per...	2, 3, 4	burst	4
CastillosCVEP100	c-VEP	12	32	32	2	500	2.2	1	1	healthy	60	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	0, 1	visual flashing	visual	none	synchronous	offline	factorial design (code t...	BrainProducts LiveAmp	FCz	EEG	standard_1020	50		BrainProducts			30.6			female:4, male:8			CC-BY-4.0	Institut Supérieur de l'...	Zenodo		Frédéric Dehais	Link	Healthy	EEG	reactive BCI, visual evo...	EEGLAB .set	No	No	15	15 blocks × 4 trials (on...		m-sequence (maximum-leng...	4
CastillosCVEP40	c-VEP	12	32	32	2	500	2.2	1	1	healthy	60	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	0, 1	visual flicker	visual	none	synchronous	offline	factorial design	BrainProducts LiveAmp 32	FCz	EEG	standard_1020	50	{'line_noise_filter': 'I...	BrainProducts			30.6			female:4, male:8			CC-BY-4.0	Institut Supérieur de l'...	Zenodo		Frédéric Dehais	Link	Healthy	EEG	reactive, code-VEP, visu...	EEGLAB .set	No	No	15	15 blocks x 4 trials per...		m-sequence	4
Cattan2019_PHMD	Resting State	12	16	16	2	512	60	1	1	healthy		🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	off, on	visual fixation marker	auditory	none			focus on the marker and...	g.USBamp	right earlobe	wet	standard_1020	50	no digital filter	EasyCap	OpenViBE		26.25			male:9, female:3			CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		M. Congedo	Link	Healthy	EEG	Resting State	mat and csv	No	No	10	5 blocks with smartphone...
Cattan2019_VR	P300 / ERP	21	16	16	2	512		2	60	healthy	target: 120, non_target:...	🇫🇷 FR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flashing white crosses i...	visual	visual		offline	randomized session order...	g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedl...	right earlobe	wet electrodes	standard_1020	50	no digital filter applie...	EasyCap	OpenVibe		26.38	19	44	male:14, female:7		varied gaming experience...	CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat, csv	No	No	12	per session: 12 blocks ×...			1	12
Chailloux2020	P300 / ERP	19	8	8	2	256	1	3	7	healthy	varies	🇲🇽 MX	2020	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash / cartoon face	visual	none		offline	P300 single-option inter...	g.USBamp (g.tec)	right earlobe	g.SCARABEO (passive)	standard_1020	60					25	19	33	male:11, female:8			CC0	Tecnologico de Monterrey				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	BrainVision	No	No		~198 flashes per block,...					75	150
Chang2025	Imagery	28	59	59	3	1000	6	4	1	healthy	120	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, b...	visual cue (square)	visual	none	synchronous	offline	6 rehabilitation paradig...	Neuracle BRK-NSW 2.0		Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{}					20	33	female:14, male:14	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	Lanzhou Jiaotong Univers...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	SET (EEGLAB)	No	No		per subject, MI paradigm...							left_hand, right_hand, b...
Chen2017SingleFlicker	SSVEP	12	32	32	4	512		2	2	healthy	200	🇩🇪 DE	2017	DOI	north, east, west, south	single-flicker spatially...	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Spatial navigation with...	BioSemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	active	biosemi32	50		BioSemi			23.5	19	32	male:5, female:7			CC BY 4.0	University Medical Cente...	Zenodo		Alexander Maye	Link	healthy	visual	perception	XDF/MAT	No	No		training session (sessio...	15
Cho2017	Imagery	52	68	64	2	512	3	1	1	healthy	100 or 120 per class (20...	🇰🇷 KR	2017	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual instruction	visual	none		offline	motor imagery	Biosemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	active electrodes	standard_1005	60			BCI2000 3.0.2		24.8			female:19, male:33	right:50, both:2	collected via questionna...	CC-BY-4.0	Gwangju Institute of Sci...	GigaDB		Sung Chan Jun	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	.mat (MATLAB)	No	Yes	5 or 6	per_class							left_hand, right_hand
Daly2020	Imagery	18	19	19	2	1000	20	1	8	healthy		🇬🇧 GB	2018	DOI	right_hand, relax	auditory music tempo	audio	continuous	synchronous	online	Tempo-based brain-comput...		FCz		standard_1020	50											CC0	University of Reading				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	EDF (BIDS)	No	No									right_hand, relax
Damm2026	Imagery	20	62	62	5	512	6	1	4	healthy	300	🇬🇧 GB	2026	DOI	thumb, index, middle, ri...	visual finger cue	visual	none	cue-based	offline	Five-class finger motor...	g.tec GmbH	linked mastoids		standard_1005	50						19	57	female:13, male:4, non_b...	right:18, left:2		CC0	University College Londo...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	EDF (BIDS)	No	No		20 subjects x 300 imager...							thumb, index, middle, ri...
Dong2023	SSVEP	59	8	8	40	250	4	1	1	healthy	160	🇨🇳 CN	2023	DOI	8, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9...	JFPM visual flicker	visual	visual	synchronous	offline		NeuSenW (Neuracle)	Fp1	semi-dry (pre-gelled)	standard_1005	50					12.4	10	16	male:37, female:22			CC BY-NC 4.0	Jiangsu JITRI Brain Mach...	Zenodo		Yue Dong	Link	healthy	visual	perception	MAT	No	No	4		8–15.8 Hz (40 freqs)
Dreyer2023	Imagery	87	32	27	2	512	8	1	6	healthy	240	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	blue bar varying in leng...	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	online	Graz protocol	g.USBAmp (g.tec, Austria...	left earlobe	active electrodes	10-20	50	none (raw signals record...	g.tec	OpenViBE 2.1.0 (Dataset...		29	19	59	female:41, male:46	right	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Centre Inria de l'univer...	Zenodo		Fabien Lotte	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	Yes	6	per subject (120 per cla...							right_hand, left_hand
Dreyer2023A	Imagery	60	32	27	2	512	8	1	6	healthy	240	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	blue bar varying in leng...	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	online	Graz protocol	g.USBAmp (g.tec, Austria...	left earlobe	active electrodes	10-20	50	none (raw signals record...	g.tec	OpenViBE 2.1.0 (Dataset...		29	19	59	female:29, male:31	right	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Centre Inria de l'univer...	Zenodo		Fabien Lotte	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	Yes	6	per subject (120 per cla...							right_hand, left_hand
Dreyer2023B	Imagery	21	32	27	2	512	8	1	6	healthy	240	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	blue bar varying in leng...	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	online	Graz protocol	g.USBAmp (g.tec, Austria...	left earlobe	active electrodes	10-20	50	none (raw signals record...	g.tec	OpenViBE 2.1.0 (Dataset...		29	19	37	female:8, male:13	right	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Centre Inria de l'univer...	Osf		Fabien Lotte	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	Yes	6	per subject (120 per cla...							right_hand, left_hand
Dreyer2023C	Imagery	6	32	27	2	512	8	1	6	healthy	240	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	blue bar varying in leng...	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	online	Graz protocol	g.USBAmp (g.tec, Austria...	left earlobe	active electrodes	10-20	50	none (raw signals record...	g.tec	OpenViBE 2.1.0 (Dataset...		22	20	26	female:4, male:2	right	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Centre Inria de l'univer...	Osf		Fabien Lotte	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	Yes	6	per subject (120 per cla...							right_hand, left_hand
EPFLP300	P300 / ERP	8	34	32	2	2048	1	4	6	mixed	target: 135, non-target:...	🇨🇭 CH	2008	DOI	Target, NonTarget	image_flash	visual	none		offline	Subjects counted silentl...	Biosemi ActiveTwo		active	standard_1020	50				4 disabled (cerebral pal...	38.4	30	56	male:7, female:1		no training required	Unknown	Ecole Polytechnique Fédé...	http://bci.epfl.ch/p300		Karin Diserens		Healthy, Cerebral palsy,...	Visual	Research	MATLAB	No	No		per_session			6		400	400
ErpCore2021	P300 / ERP	40	33	30		1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI								Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC BY 4.0	San Diego State Universi...			Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_ERN	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_LRP	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_MMN	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_N170	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50					21.5						CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_N2pc	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_N400	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
ErpCore2021_P3	P300 / ERP	40	33	30	2	1024		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget							Biosemi ActiveTwo			standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	San Diego State Universi...	Osf		Steven J. Luck	Link					No	No
Farabbi2020	Imagery	12	35	32	2	250	6	3	4	healthy	480	🇮🇹 IT	2020	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual		visual	cue-based	online	Cue-based left- vs right...	LiveAmp 32 (Brain Produc...		active Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50		Brain Products GmbH								naive	CC-BY-4.0	Politecnico di Milano; I...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	No	No	4	Three sessions per subje...							left_hand, right_hand
Forenzo2023	Imagery	25	64	64	2	1000	6	5	3	healthy	1875	🇺🇸 US	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	continuous pursuit	visual	cursor	synchronous	online	5-session BCI study with...	Neuroscan Quik-Cap 64-ch...	between Cz and CPz	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60	{'lowpass': 200, 'notch_...				25.5			female:10, male:15	right-handed (24 of 25)	mixed (19 naive, 6 exper...	CC-BY-4.0	Carnegie Mellon Universi...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	MAT	No	No		25 subjects x 5 sessions...							left_hand, right_hand
Gao2026	Imagery	22	32	32	10	1000	4	2	3	healthy	16800	🇨🇳 CN	2026	DOI	dog, bird, fish, pentagr...	image cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Visual imagery of animal...	Neuracle NeuSenW32	CPz	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'sampling_rate': 1000}					20	23	male:17, female:5			CC-BY-4.0	Kunming University of Sc...	Figshare			Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	BDF	No	No		20 subjects x 2 sessions...							dog, bird, fish, pentagr...
GrosseWentrup2009	Imagery	10	128	128	2	500	10	1	1	healthy	150	🇩🇪 DE	2009	DOI	right_hand, left_hand	arrow_cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	two-class motor imagery...	BrainAmp	Cz		standard_1020	50	{'highpass_time_constant...				25.6			male:8, female:2	right:8	mixed	CC-BY-4.0	Technische Universität M...	Zenodo		Martin Buss		Healthy	Motor	Motor	set	No	No		per_class							left_hand, right_hand
GuttmannFlury2025_ME	Imagery	31	63	62	2	1000	7.5	3	1	healthy	2520	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual rectangle cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Multi-paradigm BCI (MI/M...	Neuroscan Quik-Cap 65-ch...	right mastoid (M1)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'highpass_time_constant...				28.3	20	57	female:11, male:20			CC0	Shanghai Jiao Tong Unive...					Healthy	Motor	Research	BDF	No	No		63 sessions x 40 trials...							left_hand, right_hand
GuttmannFlury2025_MI	Imagery	31	63	62	2	1000	7.5	3	1	healthy	2520	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual rectangle cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Multi-paradigm BCI (MI/M...	Neuroscan Quik-Cap 65-ch...	right mastoid (M1)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'highpass_time_constant...				28.3	20	57	female:11, male:20			CC0	Shanghai Jiao Tong Unive...					Healthy	Motor	Research	BDF	No	No		63 sessions x 40 trials...							left_hand, right_hand
GuttmannFlury2025_P300	P300 / ERP	31	63	62	2	1000		3	1	healthy	2520	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget	row-column flash	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Multi-paradigm BCI (MI/M...	Neuroscan Quik-Cap 65-ch...	right mastoid (M1)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'highpass_time_constant...				28.3	20	57	female:11, male:20			CC0	Shanghai Jiao Tong Unive...					Healthy	ERP	Research	BDF	No	No		63 sessions x 40 trials...
GuttmannFlury2025_SSVEP	SSVEP	31	63	62	4	1000	7	3	1	healthy	2520	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0	flickering LED	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Multi-paradigm BCI (MI/M...	Neuroscan Quik-Cap 65-ch...	right mastoid (M1)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'highpass_time_constant...				28.3	20	57	female:11, male:20			CC0	Shanghai Jiao Tong Unive...					Healthy	Visual	Research	BDF	No	No		63 sessions x 40 trials...	10, 11, 12, 13
Han2024Fatigue	SSVEP	24	64	64	32	1000	2	2	1	healthy	960 per frequency band (...	🇨🇳 CN	2024	DOI	8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5...	JFPM visual flicker	visual	none	synchronous	offline		Synamps2 (Neuroscan)	Cz		standard_1005	50	{'bandpass_hz': [0.15, 2...					18	26	male:12, female:12			CC BY 4.0	Tianjin University	Zenodo		Dong Ming	Link	healthy	visual	perception	MAT	No	No	60	6 training + 24 fatigue...	8–33 Hz (32 freqs)
Han2026	Imagery	35	88	64	2	1000	1	1	1	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2026	DOI	motor_observation, motor...	visual			cue-based	offline	Basketball single-handed...	ANT Neuro (64-channel)	CPz		standard_1005	50					21.5			female:20, male:15			CC0	Liaoning Normal Universi...	OpenNeuro			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	EEGLAB (BIDS)	No	No		One dribble recording pe...							motor_observation, motor...
HefmiIch2025	Imagery	37	32	32	2	256	27	3	1	mixed	3330	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	directional arrow + audi...	visual	none	synchronous	offline	2-class hand MI (left/ri...	g.HIamp (g.tec medical e...			biosemi32	50	{}			intracerebral hemorrhage...		20	65	female:8, male:29	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	Huazhong University of S...				Link	Healthy, Stroke	Motor	Clinical, Research	MAT (pre-epoched)	No	No		37 subjects x ~3 session...							left_hand, right_hand
Hinss2021	Resting State	15	62	62	4	500		2	1	healthy	90	🇫🇷 FR	2023	DOI	rs, easy, medium, diff	visual display		none			Passive BCI neuroergonom...	ActiCHamp (Brain Product...	Fpz	active Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50					23.9			female:11, male:18			CC-BY-SA-4.0	ISAE-SUPAERO, Université...	Zenodo		Raphaëlle N. Roy	Link	Healthy	Cognitive	Research	set	No	No		total
Huebner2017	P300 / ERP	13	37	31	2	1000	25	3	9	healthy	12852	🇩🇪 DE	2017	DOI	Target, NonTarget	character matrix	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Visual ERP speller copy-...	BrainAmp DC	nose	passive Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50		EasyCap			26			female:5, male:8		mostly naive	CC-BY-4.0	Albert-Ludwigs-Universit...	Zenodo		Michael Tangermann	Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	BrainVision	Yes	No		68 highlighting events p...			42			250
Huebner2018	P300 / ERP	12	37	31	2	1000	17	3	10	healthy	35	🇩🇪 DE	2018	DOI	Target, NonTarget	modified matrix speller...	visual	visual		online	Visual ERP copy-spelling...	BrainAmp DC	nose	Ag/AgCl	extended 10-20	50		EasyCap	BBCI toolbox		26	19	31	female:8, male:4		mixed	CC-BY-4.0	University of Freiburg	Zenodo			Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	BrainVision	No	No	3	35 characters per block...			46		150	250
IMUMIA2026	Imagery	5	69	64	10	1000	6	1	5	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2026	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, l...	visual			cue-based	offline	Five motor-imagery tasks...	Neuroscan SynAmps (64-ch...	Cz	Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50											CC-BY-4.0	Inner Mongolia Universit...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	Curry	Yes	Yes	5	Single session with five...							left_hand, right_hand, l...
Iwama2023	Imagery	30	129	129	2	1000	21	16	1	healthy	20	🇯🇵 JP	2023	DOI	right_hand, rest	visual instruction	visual	visual ERD neurofeedback	synchronous	online	Sensorimotor-rhythm (SMR...	Magstim EGI GES400	Cz		GSN-HydroCel-129	50	{'highpass': 0.1, 'lowpa...	Magstim EGI	EGI NetStation		21.23	18	27	male:25, female:5	right-handed		CC0	Keio University				Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	EDF (BIDS)	No	No		20 trials per session, u...							right_hand, rest
Jeong2020	Imagery	25	71	60	11	1000	4	3	3	healthy	41250	🇰🇷 KR	2020	DOI	reach_forward, reach_bac...	text cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	11 intuitive upper-limb...	BrainAmp (BrainProducts...	FCz	actiCap	standard_1005	60	{'highpass': 0.016, 'low...					24	32	female:10, male:15	right-handed	naive	CC0-1.0	Korea University				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BrainVision	No	No		25 subjects x 3 sessions...							reach_forward, reach_bac...
Jia2019	Imagery	15	63	63	2	512		1	2	patients		🇨🇳 CN	2019	DOI	left_hand, right_hand				cue-based	offline	Cue-based left-hand vs r...					50				stroke							CC-BY-4.0		Figshare			Link	Stroke	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT	No	No									left_hand, right_hand
Kalunga2016	SSVEP	12	8	8	4	256	6	1	1	healthy	32 trials per session (8...	🇫🇷 FR	2016	DOI	13, 17, 21, rest	flickering	visual	none	synchronous	offline	SSVEP	g.tec MobiLab	right mastoid	EEG	standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	Universite de Versailles...	Zenodo		Sylvain Chevallier	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	fif	No	No		per session	13, 17, 21		3
Kaneshiro2015	Imagery	10	124	124	6	62.5	0.496	1	1	healthy	5184	🇺🇸 US	2015	DOI	human_body, human_face,...	photograph	visual	none		offline	Visual object recognitio...	EGI Net Amps 300	average	HydroCel Geodesic Sensor...	GSN-HydroCel-128	60						21	57	female:3, male:7	right:9, left:1		CC-BY-3.0	Stanford University				Link	Healthy	ERP	Visual ERP	MATLAB	No	No		per subject (72 images x...
Kaya2018	Imagery	7	19	19	3	200	1	3	1	healthy		🇹🇷 TR	2018	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, p...	visual arrow cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Classical left/right han...	Nihon Kohden EEG-1200	System 0V (0.55*(C3+C4))		standard_1020	50						20	35	male:5, female:2			CC-BY-4.0	Mersin University	Figshare		Yuriy Mishchenko	Link	healthy	motor	imagery	MAT	No	No		Variable number of trial...							left_hand, right_hand, p...
Kim2025BetaRange	SSVEP	40	33	31	40	1024	5	6	1	healthy	240	🇰🇷 KR	2025	DOI	14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,...	JFPM visual flicker	visual	none	synchronous	offline		BioSemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	active	standard_1005	60		BioSemi	OpenViBE		22.8	20	35	male:25, female:15		3 of 40 had prior SSVEP-...	CC BY 4.0	Gwangju Institute of Sci...	Figshare		Sung Chan Jun	Link	healthy	visual	perception	MAT	No	No	6		14–21.8 Hz (40 freqs)
Kodera2023	Imagery	29	9	9	2	500	4	1	4	healthy		🇨🇿 CZ	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand					offline	Cue-based single-class l...	BrainVision Recorder (Br...			standard_1020	50											CC-BY-4.0	University of West Bohem...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision	No	No
Kojima2024A	P300 / ERP	11	66	64	2	1000		1	6	healthy		🇯🇵 JP	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	auditory musical tones	auditory	none	synchronous	offline	within-subject	Brain Amp DC (Brain Prod...	right earlobe	eeg	standard_1020	50	{'bandpass': '0.1 Hz to...	EASYCAP GmbH			22.5	22	23	male:10, female:1			CC0-1.0	Shibaura Institute of Te...	Harvard dataverse		Shin'ichiro Kanoh	Link	Healthy	auditory	EEG, P300, BCI	BrainVision	Yes	No	6	Each task block had 3 ru...			3			180
Kojima2024B	P300 / ERP	15	66	64	2	1000	90	1	12	healthy	ASME-4stream: 600 stimul...	🇯🇵 JP	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	auditory tones	auditory	none	synchronous	offline	within-subject compariso...	BrainAmp	right mastoid	EEG	standard_1020	50		EasyCap			22.8	21	24	male:13, female:2			CC0-1.0	Shibaura Institute of Te...	Harvard dataverse		Shin'ichiro Kanoh	Link	Healthy	auditory	ERP, P300	BrainVision	Yes	No	12	12 runs alternating betw...			4	15		{'ASME-4stream_overall': 150.0, 'ASME-2stream_overall': 300.0, 'within_stream': 600.0}
Kueper2024	Imagery	8	67	64	2	500	3	1	6	healthy	240	🇩🇪 DE	2024	DOI	unilateral, bilateral			none	self-paced	offline	Self-initiated, self-pac...	Brain Products LiveAmp64...	FCz	active	extended 10-20	50		Brain Products GmbH			25.5			male:4, female:4			CC-BY-4.0	German Research Centre f...	Zenodo			Link		Motor	Movement Execution	BrainVision	No	No	6	3 sets of 40 self-initia...
Kumar2024	Imagery	18	25	22	2	512	5	6	3	healthy	20	🇺🇸 US	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual cue and bar feedb...	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	online	Longitudinal BCI trainin...	ANT Neuro eego mylab	CPz	EEG	standard_1020	60		ANT Neuro			23.22			female:7, male:11		naive	CC-BY-4.0	The University of Texas...	Zenodo		Jose del R. Millan	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	Yes	No	6	20 trials per run (10 le...							left_hand, right_hand
Lee2019_ERP	P300 / ERP	54	66	62	2	1000		2	2	healthy	training: 1980, test: 21...	🇰🇷 KR	2019	DOI	Target, NonTarget	rc_speller	visual	visual		offline	36-symbol ERP row-column...	BrainAmp	nasion	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60		Brain Products	OpenBMI		29.5	24	35	female:25, male:29	right	mixed	CC0-1.0	Korea University	GigaDB		Seong-Whan Lee		Healthy	Visual	Perception	MAT	No	Yes		Training: copy-spell 'NE...			36	5	135	215
Lee2019_MI	Imagery	54	66	62	2	1000	4	2	1	healthy	200	🇰🇷 KR	2019	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	arrow	visual	visual	synchronous	both	Binary-class motor image...	BrainAmp	nasion	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60						24	35	female:25, male:29	right:50, left:2, ambide...	mixed	CC0-1.0	Korea University	GigaDB		Seong-Whan Lee		Healthy	Motor	Research	MAT	No	Yes		100 trials per session p...							left_hand, right_hand
Lee2019_SSVEP	SSVEP	54	66	62	4	1000	4	2	1	healthy	200	🇰🇷 KR	2019	DOI	12.0, 8.57, 6.67, 5.45	flickering_box	visual	visual	synchronous	both	Four-target SSVEP paradi...	BrainAmp	nasion	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60			OpenBMI			24	35	female:25, male:29		mixed	CC0-1.0	Korea University	GigaDB		Seong-Whan Lee		Healthy	Visual	Perception	MAT	No	Yes		100 trials (4 classes ×...	5.45, 6.67, 8.57, 12		4
Lee2021Mobile_ERP	P300 / ERP	24	73	73	2	100	1	5	1	healthy		🇰🇷 KR	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget	visual oddball	visual		synchronous	offline	BCI during motion (stand...	BrainAmp (Brain Product...	FCz	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60					24.5	19	32	male:14, female:10			CC BY 4.0	Korea University	OSF		Seong-Whan Lee	Link	healthy	visual	perception	BrainVision	Yes	No
Lee2021Mobile_SSVEP	SSVEP	23	73	73	3	100	5	4	1	healthy		🇰🇷 KR	2021	DOI	5.45, 8.57, 12.0	visual flicker	visual		synchronous	offline	BCI during motion (stand...	BrainAmp (Brain Product...	FCz	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	60					24.5	19	32	male:13, female:10			CC BY 4.0	Korea University	OSF		Seong-Whan Lee	Link	healthy	visual	perception	BrainVision	Yes	No
Lee2022	Imagery	7	18	18	4	500	15	1	3	orthopedic impairment	120	🇰🇷 KR	2022	DOI	reaching, grasping, lift...	visual cue	visual	none	cue-based	offline	Four right-upper-limb MI...	BrainVision actiCHamp	FCz		standard_1020	60		BrainVision		patients with orthopedic...		48	83	male:3, female:4	right:6, left:1		CC0	Korea University				Link	Orthopedic Impairment	Motor	Motor Imagery	SET (EEGLAB, BIDS)	No	No		7 subjects x 3 runs x 40...							reaching, grasping, lift...
Lee2024_AC	P300 / ERP	10	25	25	2	500	1	1	1	healthy	50 training + 30 testing...	🇰🇷 KR	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI for AC home app...	actiCHamp (Brain Product...	linked mastoids	active	standard_1020	60					22.4			male:6, female:4			CC-BY-4.0	Ulsan National Institute...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	MATLAB	No	No		per_subject						750
Lee2024_BS	P300 / ERP	14	31	31	2	500	1	1	1	healthy	50 training + 30 testing...	🇰🇷 KR	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI for BS home app...	actiCHamp (Brain Product...	linked mastoids	active	standard_1020	60					22.64			male:9, female:5			CC-BY-4.0	Ulsan National Institute...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	MATLAB	No	No		per_subject						750
Lee2024_DL	P300 / ERP	15	31	31	2	500	1	1	1	healthy	50 training + 30 testing...	🇰🇷 KR	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI for DL home app...	actiCHamp (Brain Product...	linked mastoids	active	standard_1020	60					22.87			male:12, female:3			CC-BY-4.0	Ulsan National Institute...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	MATLAB	No	No		per_subject						750
Lee2024_EL	P300 / ERP	15	31	31	2	500	1	1	1	healthy	50 training + 30 testing...	🇰🇷 KR	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI for EL home app...	actiCHamp (Brain Product...	linked mastoids	active	standard_1020	60					22.13			male:10, female:5			CC-BY-4.0	Ulsan National Institute...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	MATLAB	No	No		per_subject						750
Lee2024_TV	P300 / ERP	30	31	31	2	500	1	1	1	healthy	50 training + 30 testing...	🇰🇷 KR	2024	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI for TV home app...	actiCHamp (Brain Product...	linked mastoids	active	standard_1020	60					21.63			male:23, female:7			CC-BY-4.0	Ulsan National Institute...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	MATLAB	No	No		per_subject						750
Leelakittisin2025	Imagery	22	63	60	2	1200	4	2	1	healthy		🇹🇭 TH	2025	DOI	sit_stand, stand_sit					offline	Sit-to-stand and stand-t...				10-05	50						18	30	male:15, female:7	right:19, left:2, both:1	mixed (6 of 22 with prio...	CC0-1.0	Vidyasirimedhi Institute...	Zenodo					Motor	Motor Imagery		Yes	Yes
Leeuwis2021	Imagery	55	16	16	2	250	5	1	4	healthy		🇳🇱 NL	2021	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual cue		visual	cue-based	online	Single-session, two-clas...	g.Nautilus (g.tec Medica...	right earlobe		standard_1020	50			g.BSanalyze (g.tec)		20.71				right	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Tilburg University, Tilb...	DataverseNL			Link	healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	CSV	No	No
Lenaig2026	SSVEP	24	27	24	2	500	10	1	2	healthy	100	🇫🇷 FR	2026	DOI	Sinus, Silence			auditory		offline		mBrainTrain 24-channel h...		EEG	standard_1020	50			OpenVIBE			18	63	male:24, female:24			CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Orange Labs	Zenodo			Link					No	No		per subject: 2 runs x 50...
Lioi2020_XP1	Imagery	10	64	63	2	5000	20	1	5	healthy	780	🇫🇷 FR	2020	DOI	rest, right_hand	visual (ball-to-target)	visual	neurofeedback	synchronous	online	20 s block design altern...	Brain Products MR-compat...	FCz		standard_1005	50						19	39	male:8, female:2			CC0	Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BrainVision (BIDS)	No	No		Per subject: 3 NF runs x...							right_hand
Lioi2020_XP2	Imagery	17	64	63	2	5000	20	1	5	healthy	1360	🇫🇷 FR	2020	DOI	rest, right_hand	visual		EEG-fMRI	synchronous	online	Block design alternating...	BrainProducts BrainAmp M...	FCz		standard_1005	50		BrainProducts				26	66	male:9, female:8			CC0	Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision (BIDS)	No	No		Per subject: 5 runs x (8...							right_hand
Liu2020BETA	SSVEP	70	64	64	40	250	3	1	1	healthy	160	🇨🇳 CN	2020	DOI	8.6, 8.8, 9, 9.2, 9.4, 9...	JFPM visual flicker	visual	visual	synchronous	offline		Synamps2 (Neuroscan)	Cz		standard_1005	50					25.14	9	64	male:42, female:28		mixed	Non-commercial research...	Tsinghua University	Tsinghua BCI Lab		Xiaorong Gao	Link	healthy	visual	perception	MAT	No	No	4		8–15.8 Hz (40 freqs)
Liu2022EldBETA	SSVEP	100	64	64	9	1000	5	7	1	healthy	63	🇨🇳 CN	2022	DOI	8, 9.5, 11, 8.5, 10, 11....	JFPM visual flicker	visual	visual	synchronous	online		Synamps2 (Neuroscan)	Cz		standard_1005	50					63.17	51	81	male:33, female:67			CC BY 4.0	Tsinghua University	Figshare		Xiaogang Chen	Link	healthy	visual	perception	GDF (BIDS)	No	No	7		8–12 Hz (9 freqs)
Liu2024	Imagery	50	31	29	2	500	8	1	1	patients	40	🇨🇳 CN	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	video and audio		none	cue-based	offline	Imagining grasping a sph...	ZhenTec NT1 wireless mul...	CPz	semi-dry Ag/AgCl	10-10	50		Xi'an ZhenTec Intelligen...		acute stroke patients (1...	56.7	31	77	male:39, female:11			CC-BY-4.0	Xuanwu Hospital Capital...	Figshare		Junwei Hao	Link	Stroke	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT and EDF	Yes	No		40 trials per subject to...							left_hand, right_hand
Liu2025	Imagery	27	65	60	2	1000	5	1	4	patients	80	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	gait_imagery, rest	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Binary gait MI vs idle....	NeuSen W (Neuracle, Inc....		Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50	{'notch': 50.0}			stroke		33	68	male:23, female:4	mixed		CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Tianjin University				Link	Stroke	Motor	Research	BrainVision (.vhdr/.vmrk...	No	No		per session: 40 gait-MI...							gait_imagery, rest
MAMEM1	SSVEP	11	256	256	5	250	5	1	5	healthy	1104	🇬🇷 GR	2016	DOI	6.66, 7.50, 8.57, 10.00,...	flickering box	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Subjects focus attention...	EGI 300 Geodesic EEG Sys...			GSN-HydroCel-256	50		EGI		able-bodied subjects wit...		24	39	male:8, female:3	right:10, left:1		CC-BY-4.0	Centre for Research and...	Figshare		Ioannis Kompatsiaris	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	MATLAB .mat	No	No		Total 1104 trials across...	6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12		5	3
MAMEM2	SSVEP	11	256	256	5	250	5	1	5	healthy		🇬🇷 GR	2016	DOI	6.66, 7.50, 8.57, 10.00,...	flickering box	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Subjects focus attention...	EGI 300 Geodesic EEG Sys...	Cz		GSN-HydroCel-256	50		EGI				24	39	male:8, female:3	right:10, left:1		CC-BY-4.0	Centre for Research and...	GitHub			Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	MAT	No	No		Per the class docstring...	6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12		5	3
MAMEM3	SSVEP	11	14	14	5	128	5	1	10	healthy		🇬🇷 GR	2016	DOI	6.66, 7.50, 8.57, 10.00,...	visual	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Five magenta boxes flick...	Emotiv EPOC (14 wireless...		scalp electrodes	10-20	50		Emotiv									CC-BY-4.0	Centre for Research and...	Figshare		Spiros Nikolopoulos	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	mat	No	No		Per the class docstring...	6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12		5
MIBMPI2024	Imagery	8	13	13	2	128	2.5	2	1	healthy		🇹🇷 TR	2024	DOI	tap, swipe	cue		none	cue-based	offline	Cue-based motor imagery...	Emotiv EPOC Flex (Model...	average (channel mean su...	saline	standard_1020	50	Emotiv EPOC Flex 0.2-45...	Emotiv	Emotiv Pro 2.5.1.227			25	35	male:6, female:2	right:7, left:1		CC-BY-NC-4.0	Karadeniz Technical Univ...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	EEGLAB (epoched)	No	No	1	Two sessions per subject...							tap, swipe
MILimbEEG	Imagery	60	16	16	8	125	4	1	1	mixed		🇪🇨 EC	2023	DOI	beo, clh, crh, dlf, plf,...	visual		none	cue-based	offline	Upper- and lower-limb mo...	OpenBCI Cyton+Daisy	neutral ear (monopolar)	dry	10-10	60				mostly healthy; 2 ampute...	36			female:31, male:29	right:57, left:3		CC-BY-4.0	Escuela Superior Politec...	Mendeley Data			Link	mixed	Motor	Motor Imagery	CSV	No	No		Per repetition and per a...							beo, clh, crh, dlf, plf,...
MIMED2024	Imagery	30	14	14	3	128		2	6	healthy		🇮🇩 ID	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, t...	video				offline		Emotiv EPOC X	CMS/DRL (P3/P4)	saline felt (Ag/AgCl)	standard_1020	50								male:16, female:14			CC-BY-4.0	Universitas Pendidikan G...	Mendeley Data			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT (converted from EDF)	No	No
MIND2026	Imagery	30	64	64	4	1000	27	1	3	healthy	120	🇨🇳 CN	2026	DOI	left_to_right, up_to_dow...	visual instruction anima...	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Four-class directional m...	Neuroscan SynAmps (64-ch...		Ag/AgCl	10-20	50						19	25	female:12, male:18			CC-BY-NC-4.0		ScienceDB			Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision	No	No		120 MI trials per subjec...							left_to_right, up_to_dow...
MOVING2024	Imagery	11	35	32	4	500	6	1	1	healthy		🇮🇹 IT	2024	DOI	rest, open_close, wrist_...	visual			cue-based	offline	rest -> motor imagery ->...	Neuroelectrics Enobio 32...	CMS/DRL	dry	10-20	50											CC-BY-4.0	University of L'Aquila	Zenodo			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery, Motor Exe...	EDF	No	No
Ma2020	Imagery	25	62	62	2	1000	4	15	1	healthy	600	🇨🇳 CN	2020	DOI	right_hand, right_elbow	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline		Neuroscan SynAmps2	left mastoid		standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.5, 100.0...				25.56	23	29	male:18, female:7	right:25	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Chinese Academy of Scien...	Harvard Dataverse		Huiguang He	Link	healthy	motor	imagery	CNT	Yes	No	15	3 days x 5 MI sessions/d...							right_hand, right_elbow
Ma2022	Imagery	25	32	32	2	250	4	5	1	healthy	11988	🇨🇳 CN	2022	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline		Wuhan Greentech 32-chann...	M1 (unipolar)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50					22.52	20	24	male:13, female:12		naive	CC-BY-4.0	Shanghai University	NEMAR		Banghua Yang	Link	healthy	motor	imagery	EDF	No	No		25 subjects x 5 sessions...							left_hand, right_hand
Mainsah2025_A	P300 / ERP	13	32	32	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_B	P300 / ERP	19	16	16	2	256		8	1	patients		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60				ALS							CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_C	P300 / ERP	19	32	32	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_D	P300 / ERP	17	32	32	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_E	P300 / ERP	8	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_F	P300 / ERP	10	16	16	2	256		3	1	patients		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60				ALS							CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_G	P300 / ERP	20	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_H	P300 / ERP	16	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_I	P300 / ERP	13	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_J	P300 / ERP	20	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_K	P300 / ERP	5	16	16	2	256		2	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_L	P300 / ERP	11	16	16	2	256		1	1	patients		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60				ALS							CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_M	P300 / ERP	21	16	16	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_N	P300 / ERP	8	16	16	2	256		2	1	patients		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60				ALS							CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_O	P300 / ERP	18	32	32	2	256		2	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_P	P300 / ERP	19	32	32	2	256		2	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_Q	P300 / ERP	36	32	32	2	256		3	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_R	P300 / ERP	20	32	32	2	256		2	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_S1	P300 / ERP	10	32	32	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
Mainsah2025_S2	P300 / ERP	24	32	32	2	256		1	1	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget							g.USBamp (g.tec)			standard_1020	60											CC-BY-4.0	Duke University; East Te...	PhysioNet			Link		visual	perception		No	No
MartinezCagigal2023Checker	c-VEP	16	16	16	2	256		8	3	healthy		🇪🇸 ES	2023	DOI	0.0, 1.0							g.USBamp (g.tec)	right earlobe		standard_1005	50			MEDUSA		29.63			male:11, female:5			CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0	University of Valladolid	U Valladoid		Roberto Hornero	Link					No	No
MartinezCagigal2023Pary	c-VEP	16	16	16	11	256		5	8	healthy		🇪🇸 ES	2023	DOI	0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0,...							g.USBamp (g.tec)	earlobe		standard_1005	50			MEDUSA		28.8			male:11, female:5			CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0	University of Valladolid	U Valladoid		Roberto Hornero	Link					No	No
MartinezPeon2024	Imagery	10	14	14	3	128	5	1	6	healthy		🇲🇽 MX	2024	DOI	level_10, level_40, leve...			none	cue-based	offline	Kinesthetic motor imager...	Emotiv EPOC	P3 and P4 (Emotiv EPOC r...	wet	standard_1020	60					27.8	24	32	male:7, female:3			CC-BY-4.0	National Technological I...	Figshare			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	TXT	No	No
MartinezPeon2025	Imagery	50	20	20	4	500	4	1	4	healthy		🇲🇽 MX	2025	DOI	grip_10, grip_40, grip_7...			none	cue-based	offline	Kinesthetic motor imager...	Cognionics Quick-20m dry...		dry	10-20	50					21.78	17	30	male:27, female:23	right:50		CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0		Mendeley Data			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	CSV	No	No
NETBCI2026	Imagery	19	74	74	2	250	6	4	6	healthy	14431	🇫🇷 FR	2026	DOI	right_hand, rest	visual target	visual	visual cursor	synchronous	online	Longitudinal BCI trainin...	Easycap 74-channel passi...	mastoids		standard_1005	50		Easycap	BCI2000		27.47	19	35	female:7, male:12	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	Paris Brain Institute (I...	Recherche Data Gouv		Fabrizio De Vico Fallani	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision (BIDS)	No	No		6 online feedback runs p...							right_hand, rest
Nakanishi2015	SSVEP	10	8	8	12	256	4	1	1	healthy	180	🇺🇸 US	2015	DOI	9.25, 11.25, 13.25, 9.75...	flickering	visual	none	synchronous	offline	12-class SSVEP target id...	Biosemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	EEG	standard_1020	60					28			male:9, female:1		not specified	Unknown	University of California...	Github			Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	mat	No	No	15	15 blocks x 12 trials pe...	9.25–14.75 Hz (12 freqs)	joint frequency and phas...	12
NeBULA2025	Imagery	39	127	127	3	1000		1	3	healthy	90	🇮🇹 IT	2025	DOI	reach_1, reach_2, reach_...	target light	visual	none	cue-based	offline	Standardized right-arm r...	Brain Products actiCHamp...	FCz	active electrodes	standard_1005	50		Brain Products			44.6	25	71	male:20, female:20	right		CC-BY-4.0	Istituto Italiano di Tec...	Figshare			Link	Healthy	Motor	motor_execution	BrainVision (BIDS)	No	Yes		~10 trials per movement...							reach_1, reach_2, reach_...
NeuroTUMBCI2025	Imagery	2	24	24	4	250	3	3	1	patients		🇩🇪 DE	2025	DOI	rest, left_hand, right_h...	visual arrow/circle cues		none	cue-based	offline	Arrow-cue paradigm with...	Smarting mobi (mBrainTra...			10-20	50		mBrainTrain		one tetraplegic pilot an...							CC-BY-4.0	Technical University of...	Zenodo			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	XDF	No	No
Nguyen2017_L	Imagery	6	64	60	2	256	2	1	1	healthy	3600	🇺🇸 US	2018	DOI	cooperate, independent	auditory + visual cue	auditory		synchronous	offline	Auditory beep + visual c...	BrainProducts ActiCHamp		EEG	standard_1020	60	{'highpass': 8.0, 'lowpa...					22	32				other-open	Arizona State University	Zenodo		Panagiotis Artemiadis	Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	MAT	No	No		6 subjects x 200 trials,...							cooperate, independent
Nguyen2017_S	Imagery	6	64	60	3	256	2	1	1	healthy	5400	🇺🇸 US	2018	DOI	out, in, up	auditory + visual cue	auditory		synchronous	offline	Auditory beep + visual c...	BrainProducts ActiCHamp		EEG	standard_1020	60	{'highpass': 8.0, 'lowpa...					22	32				other-open	Arizona State University	Zenodo		Panagiotis Artemiadis	Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	MAT	No	No		6 subjects x 300 trials,...							out, in, up
Nguyen2017_SL	Imagery	6	64	60	2	256	2	1	1	healthy	3600	🇺🇸 US	2018	DOI	cooperate, in	auditory + visual cue	auditory		synchronous	offline	Auditory beep + visual c...	BrainProducts ActiCHamp		EEG	standard_1020	60	{'highpass': 8.0, 'lowpa...					22	32				other-open	Arizona State University	Zenodo		Panagiotis Artemiadis	Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	MAT	No	No		6 subjects x 200 trials,...							cooperate, in
Nguyen2017_V	Imagery	8	64	60	3	256	2	1	1	healthy	7200	🇺🇸 US	2018	DOI	vowel_a, vowel_i, vowel_...	auditory + visual cue	auditory		synchronous	offline	Auditory beep + visual c...	BrainProducts ActiCHamp		EEG	standard_1020	60	{'highpass': 8.0, 'lowpa...					22	32				other-open	Arizona State University	Zenodo		Panagiotis Artemiadis	Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	MAT	No	No		8 subjects x 300 trials...							vowel_a, vowel_i, vowel_...
Nieto2022	Imagery	10	136	128	12	1024	4.5	3	1	healthy		🇦🇷 AR	2022	DOI	pronounced/up, pronounce...	visual cue	visual		synchronous	offline	Four mental tasks (up, d...	BioSemi ActiveTwo high r...	EXG1/EXG2 (left and righ...	EEG/EMG	biosemi128	50	{'lowpass': 208.0}		ActiView			24	56	female:4, male:6	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	sinc(i), FICH-UNL/CONICE...	OpenNeuro			Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	BDF	No	No		More than 5600 total tri...							Arriba, Abajo, Derecha,...
Ofner2017	Imagery	15	96	61	7	512		2	10	healthy	420	🇦🇹 AT	2017	DOI	right_elbow_flexion, rig...	visual cue		none	synchronous	offline	Trial-based paradigm wit...	g.tec medical engineerin...	right mastoid	active	standard_1005	50	0.01-200 Hz bandpass (8t...				27	22	40	female:9, male:6	right:14, left:1		CC-BY-4.0	Graz University of Techn...	BNCI Horizon 2020		Gernot R. Müller-Putz	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery, Motor Exe...	gdf	No	No		per_session							elbow_flexion, elbow_ext...
Ortiz2023	Imagery	10	31	27	3	200	9	1	16	healthy		🇪🇸 ES	2023	DOI	relax, motor_imagery, re...	auditory			cue-based	offline	Kinesthetic motor imager...	Brain Products actiCHamp	left ear lobe (A1)	Ag/AgCl wet	standard_1005	50	0.1 Hz high-pass and 50...				28.7						CC-BY-4.0	Miguel Hernandez Univers...	Figshare			Link	healthy	motor	imagery	MAT	Yes	No
Pan2023	Imagery	14	28	28	2	250	4	2	1	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual		none	cue-based	offline	Cued left- vs right-hand...	Neuroscan SynAmps2	nose		10-10	50	{'bandpass': [0.01, 200....					22	25	female:5, male:9	right:12, left:2		CC0-1.0	Tianjin University	Harvard Dataverse			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT (v7.3/HDF5)	No	No
Pan2025	Imagery	10	28	28	2	250	4	2	1	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	cue		online feedback in sessi...	cue-based	both	Cued left- vs right-hand...	Neuroscan SynAmps2			10-10	50	{'bandpass': [0.01, 200....					22	25	female:3, male:7	right:8, left:2		CC0-1.0	Tianjin University	Harvard Dataverse			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery		No	No
PardoGarcia2026	Imagery	18	63	59	2	1000	1.5	1	1	mixed		🇪🇸 ES	2026	DOI	pinch, fist	visual		none	cue-based	offline	Image-cued two-class han...	BrainVision (Brain Produ...	A2 (right mastoid)	Ag/AgCl	10-10	50		Electro-Cap Internationa...		chronic middle cerebral...							CC-BY-4.0	Instituto Pluridisciplin...	Zenodo			Link	stroke, healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery		No	No
Perdikis2018	Imagery	2	16	16	3	512	4	1	1	spinal cord injury		🇨🇭 CH	2018	DOI	both_feet, both_hands, r...	visual		visual	cue-based	offline	Longitudinal motor-image...	g.USBamp (g.tec medical...		Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50				tetraplegia (chronic spi...						experienced	CC-BY-4.0	Defitech Chair in Brain-...	Zenodo		Jose del R. Millan	Link	spinal cord injury	motor	Motor Imagery	GDF	No	No		Offline calibration runs...							both_hands, both_feet, r...
PerezBlanco2026	Imagery	45	16	8	4	512	10	1	8	healthy	320	🇲🇽 MX	2026	DOI	flexion, extension, radi...	visual target	visual	continuous visual	cue-based	offline	4-direction wrist-pointi...	g.tec g.USBamp (serial U...	right ear		10-10	60	{'bandpass': [0.1, 200.0...	g.tec			38.5	20	83	female:26, male:19	right:40, left:5		CC-BY-4.0	Tecnologico de Monterrey	Figshare			Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Execution	EDF (BIDS, converted fro...	No	Yes		45 subjects x >=8 runs x...							flexion, extension, radi...
Peterson2020	Imagery	10	15	15	2	125		1	4	healthy	160	🇦🇷 AR	2020	DOI	motor_imagery, rest	visual cue (red arrow) a...	visual	none	cue-based	offline	Binary kinesthetic motor...	OpenBCI Cyton + Daisy (1...	left ear lobe		10-20	50	paper: 0.5-45 Hz 3rd-ord...	Electro-Cap Internationa...	OpenViBE							naive	CC0	IMAL, CONICET-UNL				Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	EDF (BIDS)	No	No		Per subject: 4 MI-vs-res...							motor_imagery, rest
PhysionetMI	Imagery	109	64	64	5	160		1	6	healthy		🇺🇸 US	2009	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...	cue-based	visual		cued		14 runs per subject: two...			EEG	standard_1020	60			BCI2000								ODC-By-1.0	Wadsworth Center, New Yo...	Physionet		Jonathan R. Wolpaw	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	edf	No	No									left_hand, right_hand, f...
PoloHortiguela2025	Imagery	6	35	28	2	250	4	2	11	healthy		🇪🇸 ES	2025	DOI	rest, motor_imagery	auditory			cue-based	offline	Kinesthetic motor imager...				standard_1005	50											CC-BY-4.0	Universidad Miguel Herna...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	imagery	MAT	Yes	No
Pressel2016	Imagery	15	6	6	11	1024	4	1	1	healthy	varies (~278-424 clean i...	🇦🇷 AR	2017	DOI	vowel_a, vowel_e, vowel_...	visual cue	visual		synchronous	offline	Cue-based imagined and p...	Grass 8-18-36 amplifier...	left mastoid	EEG	standard_1020	50	{'highpass': 0.3, 'lowpa...				25	24	28	female:7, male:8	right:14, left:1		other-open	Universidad Nacional de...	Zenodo			Link	Healthy	Speech	Research	MAT	No	No		15 subjects, 50 repetiti...							vowel_a, vowel_e, vowel_...
Rodrigues2017	Resting State	19	16	16	2	512	10	1	1	healthy	10	🇫🇷 FR	2018	DOI	closed, open						Subjects alternated betw...	g.tec g.USBamp	right earlobe	wet electrodes	standard_1020	50	no digital filter	EasyCap	OpenViBE		25.8	19	44	female:7, male:13			CC-BY-4.0	GIPSA-lab, CNRS, Univers...	Zenodo		Marco Congedo	Link	Healthy	Resting State	Resting-state	mat	No	No	10	one session of ten 10 s...
RomaniBF2025ERP	P300 / ERP	22	8	8	2	250	0.9	2	1	healthy	600	🇮🇹 IT	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flickering	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Within-subject study wit...	g.tec Unicorn Hybrid Bla...	right mastoid	EEG	standard_1020	50		g.tec			21.87			female:10, male:12		naive	CC-BY-4.0	University of Trento	Zenodo		Luca Turchet	Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	EDF	No	No		Per calibration session:...			10			100
Rozado2015	Imagery	30	32	32	2	512	6	1	2	healthy	50	🇦🇺 AU	2015	DOI	left_hand, rest	auditory cue	auditory	none	synchronous	offline	Motor imagery with pupil...	BioSemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	active	biosemi32	50		BioSemi			38	15	61	male:15, female:15	right:27, left:3		CC0 1.0	CSIRO	Harvard Dataverse		David Rozado	Link	healthy	auditory	motor_imagery	XDF	No	No	2	2 experiments of 25 tria...							left hand grasping, rest
Schirrmeister2017	Imagery	14	128	128	4	500	4	1	2	healthy	total_per_subject: 963,...	🇩🇪 DE	2017	DOI	right_hand, left_hand, r...	visual	visual		cue-based	offline	Executed movements inclu...		Cz	EEG	standard_1005	50			BCI2000		27.2			female:6, male:8	right:12, left:2		CC-BY-4.0	University of Freiburg	GIN		Tonio Ball	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery, Motor Exe...	EDF	No	No	13	13 runs per subject, 80...							left_hand_finger_tapping...
Schrag2026Pediatric	SSVEP	47	16	16	4	256	5	1	2	healthy	12	🇨🇦 CA	2026	DOI	6.25, 10, 11.11, 14.28	flickering visual target...	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Per-subject pipeline: (1...	g.tec g.GAMMAsys + g.USB...	earlobe	active	standard_1020	60		g.tec	Unity3D + BCI-Essentials		12.6	5	18	female:19, male:28		naive	CC-BY-4.0	University of Calgary	Zenodo		Eli Kinney-Lang	Link	healthy	visual	perception	XDF	No	No		Each game session contai...	6.25, 10, 11.11, 14.28
Shin2017A	Imagery	29	32	30	2	200	10	3	1	healthy	per_session: 20, per_cla...	🇩🇪 DE	2017	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual arrow and fixatio...	visual	none	cued	offline	Dataset A: left vs right...	BrainAmp	linked mastoids	active electrodes	10-5	50		EASYCAP GmbH			28.5			male:14, female:15	right:29, left:1	naive to MI experiment	GPL-3.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	TU Berlin ML group (doc....		Klaus-Robert Müller	Link	Healthy	Motor	Imagery	MATLAB	Yes	No	10	10 blocks per session, e...				20			left_hand, right_hand
Shin2017B	Imagery	29	32	30	2	200	10	3	1	healthy	per_session: 20, per_con...	🇩🇪 DE	2017	DOI	subtraction, rest	visual instruction (subt...	visual	none	cued-synchronous	offline	Dataset B: mental arithm...	BrainAmp	linked mastoids	active electrodes	10-5	50		EASYCAP GmbH	MATLAB R2013b		28.5			male:14, female:15	right:29, left:1	naive to MI experiment	GPL-3.0	Berlin Institute of Tech...	TU Berlin ML group (doc....		Klaus-Robert Müller	Link	Healthy	Cognitive	Cognitive	MATLAB	Yes	No		Each session: 1 min pre-...				20
Shin2022	Imagery	10	16	16	2	250	6	1	11	healthy	2640	🇺🇸 US	2022	DOI	right_hand, left_hand	visual cursor	visual	visual	synchronous	online	Closed-loop 1D left/righ...	g.tec g.Nautilus RESEARC...	unknown	dry	standard_1005	60	broadband (online 0.5-30...	g.tec medical engineerin...	BCI2000								CC BY 4.0	Carnegie Mellon Universi...	Figshare		Bin He	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BCI2000	No	No		10 subjects x 11 runs x...							right_hand, left_hand
Simoes2020	P300 / ERP	15	8	8	2	250	1.2	7	2	patients	1600 train + 400*K test...	🇵🇹 PT	2020	DOI	Target, NonTarget	object flash	visual	visual		online	P300 BCI joint-attention...	g.Nautilus (g.tec, wirel...	right ear		standard_1020	50				autism spectrum disorder...	22.17	16	38	male:15			CC-BY-4.0	University of Coimbra				Link	Autism	ERP	P300	MATLAB (epoched)	No	No		per_session
Sosulski2019	P300 / ERP	13	37	31	2	1000		80	1	healthy	Variable: optimization p...	🇩🇪 DE	2021	DOI	Target, NonTarget	oddball	auditory		synchronous	online	Subjects focused attenti...	BrainProducts BrainAmp D...	nose	passive Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50		EasyCap			22.7	20	26	male:5, female:8			CC-BY-SA-4.0	University of Freiburg	FreiDok		Michael Tangermann	Link	Healthy	Auditory	Research	brainvision	Yes	No		Each trial consisted of...			1
Speier2017	P300 / ERP	10	32	32	2	256	1	2	3	healthy	~1200 flashes per traini...	🇺🇸 US	2017	DOI	Target, NonTarget	flash / famous face over...	visual	visual		online	P300 row-column speller;...	g.tec amplifier	left ear		standard_1005	60						20	35				CC0	University of California...				Link	Healthy	ERP	P300	BCI2000	No	No		per_run					25	125
Stieger2021	Imagery	62	62	62	4	1000		11	1	healthy	450	🇺🇸 US	2021	DOI	right_hand, left_hand, b...	target_bar	visual	visual		online	longitudinal training st...	Neuroscan SynAmps RT amp...		EEG	10-10	60	0.1 to 200 Hz with 60 Hz...	Neuroscan	Neuroscan			18	63	male:13, female:49	mostly right-handed		CC-BY-NC-4.0	Carnegie Mellon Universi...	GitHub		Bin He	Link	Healthy	Motor	Active	MAT	No	No	6	per session: 2 blocks of...							left_hand, right_hand, b...
Tavakolan2017	Imagery	12	32	32	3	1000	3	4	1	healthy	2880	🇨🇦 CA	2017	DOI	rest, right_hand, right_...	visual cue	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Three-class motor imager...	EGI Geodesic Net Amps 40...	Cz	Ag/AgCl sponge	GSN-HydroCel-32	60	{'bandpass': [0.1, 100]}										CC0-1.0	Simon Fraser University	Zenodo		Carlo Menon	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BCI2000	No	No		12 subjects x 4 sessions...							rest, right_hand, right_...
Thapa2025	Imagery	23	39	31	4	250	12	1	5	healthy	6808	🇺🇸 US	2025	DOI	Tgt1, Tgt2, Tgt3, Tgt4	audio start/end cue	auditory	none	self-paced	offline	Self-paced freewill reac...	Brain Products actiCHamp...	Cz	scalp EEG	standard_1020	60	none	Brain Products				18	24	female:8, male:15	right		CC-BY-4.0	University of Kentucky	Figshare		Jihye Bae	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BrainVision (BIDS)	Yes	No		6808 trials across 23 su...			4
Thielen2015	c-VEP	12	64	64	2	2048	4.2	1	3	patients	108	🇳🇱 NL	2015	DOI	1.0, 0.0	pseudo-random noise-code	visual	visual	synchronous	online	6x6 matrix speller BCI u...	Biosemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	EEG	standard_1020	50				Healthy	24			male:4, female:8		naive	CC0-1.0	Radboud University Nijme...	Radboud Data Repository		Peter Desain	Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	mat	No	No		108 total per subject: 3...		modulated Gold codes	36
Thielen2021	c-VEP	30	8	8	2	512	31.5	1	5	healthy	100	🇳🇱 NL	2021	DOI	1.0, 0.0	visual	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Code-modulated visual ev...	Biosemi ActiveTwo	CMS/DRL	sintered Ag/AgCl active...	custom	50					25	19	62	female:17, male:13			CC0-1.0	Radboud University	Radboud		P Desain	Link	Healthy	Visual	Research	gdf	No	No	5	per_subject (5 blocks ×...		modulated Gold codes	20
TrianaGuzman2024	Imagery	32	17	17	4	250	15	1	1	healthy	7680	🇨🇴 CO	2022	DOI	imagery_sit_to_stand, id...	visual figure	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Sit-stand MI paradigm: 2...	g.tec g.Nautilus PRO	right mastoid (M2)	active wet (g.LADYbird)	standard_1020	60	{'bandpass': [0.01, 60]}				22.4	19	29	female:16, male:16	right:29, left:3	naive	CC0	Universidad Antonio Nari...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	SET (EEGLAB, BIDS)	No	No		32 subjects x ~240 trial...							imagery_sit_to_stand, id...
Vagaja2023	Imagery	26	38	32	2	500	10	1	1	healthy		🇵🇹 PT	2023	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	visual		visual	cue-based	online	Between-subject, randomi...	LiveAmp 32 (Brain Produc...		active Ag/AgCl	standard_1020	50		Brain Products GmbH	BrainVision Recorder					male:10, female:16	right:26	mixed (3 of 26 with prio...	CC-BY-4.0	Instituto Superior Tecni...	Zenodo			Link	healthy	motor	Motor Imagery	BrainVision	No	No	1	One lab session per subj...							left_hand, right_hand
WRCC2023_MI_A	Imagery	9	59	59	3	1000	4	1	90	mixed		🇨🇳 CN	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...	cue		none	cue-based	offline	Three-class motor imager...	Neuracle 64-channel wire...			10-10	50				stroke (2 of 9 subjects)...							CC0-1.0	World Robot Contest (WRC...	Harvard Dataverse			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT (v5)	No	No									left_hand, right_hand, f...
WRCC2023_MI_B	Imagery	9	59	59	3	1000	4	1	90	mixed		🇨🇳 CN	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...				cue-based	offline	Cued three-class motor i...	Neuracle 64-channel EEG...			standard_1005	50				stroke (2 of 9 subjects)...							CC0-1.0		Harvard Dataverse			Link	stroke, healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT (v5)	No	No
WRCC2023_MI_C	Imagery	8	59	59	3	1000		1	90	mixed		🇨🇳 CN	2024	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...				cue-based	offline		Neuracle NeuSen W 64-cha...			standard_1005	50				stroke							CC0-1.0	World Robot Contest (BCI...	Harvard Dataverse			Link		Motor	Motor Imagery	mat	No	No
Wairagkar2018	Imagery	14	19	19	3	1024	6	1	1	healthy	1665	🇬🇧 GB	2018	DOI	right_hand, rest, left_h...	text cues	visual	none	asynchronous	offline	Asynchronous voluntary f...	Deymed TruScan 32	FCz	Ag/AgCl ring	standard_1020	50	none during recording (0...	EASYCAP GmbH	TOBI SignalServer 2.0		26			female:8, male:6	right:12, left:2	naive	CC-BY-4.0	University of Reading	University of Reading Re...		Slawomir J. Nasuto	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	MAT	No	No		14 subjects x 120 trials...							right_hand, left_hand, r...
Wang2016	SSVEP	34	64	64	40	250	6	1	1	healthy	240	🇨🇳 CN	2016	DOI	8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14...	visual flicker	visual		synchronous	offline	Cue-guided target select...	Synamps2 EEG system (Neu...	Cz		standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.15, 200]...				22	17	34	female:17, male:18		8 experienced, 27 naïve	CC-BY-4.0	Tsinghua University	Zenodo (mirror of the Ts...		Shangkai Gao	Link	Healthy	Visual	Perception	MATLAB MAT	No	No	6	40 trials per block corr...	8–15.8 Hz (40 freqs)		40	6
Wang2021Combined	SSVEP	8	33	31	4	1000	5	1	2	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2021	DOI	14.17, 12.14, 9.44, 7.73	overlapping SSVEP arrows...	visual	none	synchronous	offline	One-to-two combined SSVE...	eego mylab (ANT Neuro)	M1 (left mastoid)		standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.05, 100....								right		CC BY 4.0	Zhejiang University	Zenodo		Zhijun Zhang	Link	healthy	visual	perception	CNT	No	No	2	Each design (one-to-two...	14.17, 12.14, 9.44, 7.73
Wang2025	Imagery	15	62	62	4	256	4	2	2	healthy		🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, t...	visual		visual	cue-based	online	Cued four-class motor im...	g.USBamp (g.tec medical...			10-10	50	0.1 Hz high-pass				24			male:12, female:3		10 BCI-naive; 5 without...	ODC-BY	Zhejiang University	Hugging Face			Link	healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	MAT	No	No									left_hand, right_hand, t...
Wang2026	Imagery	39	62	62	4	1000	5	5	1	healthy	varies by run and subjec...	🇺🇸 US	2026	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, h...	visual cursor and direct...	visual	visual cursor feedback,...	synchronous	online	One longitudinal MI-BCI...	Compumedics Neuroscan Sy...	midway between Cz and CP...		standard_1005	60	{'notch': 60.0}	Compumedics Neuroscan	BCI2000							naive	CC-BY-NC-4.0	Carnegie Mellon Universi...	KiltHub (Figshare)		Bin He	Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery, Online BC...	MATLAB v7.3	No	No	6	Each regular session con...							left_hand, right_hand, h...
Weibo2014	Imagery	10	64	60	7	200	8	1	1	healthy	560	🇨🇳 CN	2014	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, h...	text cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Simple limb motor imager...	Neuroscan SynAmps2	nose	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.5, 100],...				24	23	25	female:7, male:3	right-handed	naive	CC0-1.0	Tianjin University	Harvard Dataverse Databa...		Dong Ming	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	MAT	Yes	No		8 sections with 60 trial...							left_hand, right_hand, f...
Wu2020	Imagery	6	132	122	2	1000	4	1	1	healthy	1114	🇭🇰 HK	2020	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	arrow cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Motor execution (fist cl...	Neuroscan SynAmps2	scalp REF	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.5, 100]}				25	22	28	female:4, male:2	right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	City University of Hong...	Zenodo			Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	Curry	No	No		S1: 240, S2: 160, S3: 16...							left_hand, right_hand
Yagan2023	P300 / ERP	18	32	32	2	1000		1	10	healthy	160 characters per subje...	🇹🇷 TR	2023	DOI	Target, NonTarget	row-column speller	visual	none	synchronous	offline		BrainProducts actiCHamp			10-20	50											CC-BY-4.0	Sabanci University	Mendeley Data		Huseyin Ozkan	Link	healthy	visual	erp	brainvision	No	No		Each character involves...			160
Yang2025	Imagery	51	64	59	2	1000	7.5	3	1	healthy	39600	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_hand, right_hand	video cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Multi-day MI-BCI: 2C (le...	Neuracle NeuSen W		Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{}					17	30	female:18, male:44	right-handed	naive	CC-BY-4.0	Shanghai University				Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BDF	No	No		51 subjects x 3 sessions...							left_hand, right_hand, f...
Yi2025	Imagery	18	62	62	8	1000	4	1	8	healthy	320	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	hand_open_close, wrist_f...	video + text	visual	none	cue-based	offline	8-class multi-joint uppe...	Neuroscan SynAmps2	left mastoid (M1)		standard_1005	50						22	27	female:10, male:8	right	naive	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Beijing University of Te...				Link	Healthy	Motor	Motor Imagery	CNT	No	No	8	8 blocks x 40 trials (5...							hand_open_close, wrist_f...
Zhang2017	Imagery	12	17	17	10	1000	5	1	15	healthy	330	🇨🇦 CA	2017	DOI	rest, elbow_flexion, dra...	picture cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	Upper-limb elbow-centere...	EGI Geodesic Net Amps 40...	Cz	Ag/AgCl sponge	GSN-HydroCel-32	60	{'bandpass': [0.1, 40]}		BCI2000 (Stimulus Presen...			20	33	male:10, female:2	right:11, left:1	naive	CC BY 4.0	Simon Fraser University	Figshare		Carlo Menon	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	BCI2000	No	No		15 runs of 24 trials eac...							elbow_flexion, drawer, s...
Zhang2025	P300 / ERP	15	57	57	2	1000	1	4	4	healthy	~160 target + ~6240 nont...	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	Target, NonTarget	RSVP face images	visual	none		offline	RSVP face authentication...	Neuracle Neusen	CPz		standard_1020	50						22	26	female:6, male:9	all right-handed		CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	Beijing University of Po...				Link	Healthy	ERP	RSVP	MATLAB (HDF5)	No	No		per session (4 blocks x...						100
Zheng2020	P300 / ERP	14	62	62	2	1000	1	2	3	healthy	target: 168, nontarget:...	🇨🇳 CN	2020	DOI	Target, NonTarget	RSVP images	visual	visual		offline	RSVP target detection (h...	Neuroscan Synamps2	vertex (Cz)		standard_1020	50					24.9	23	29	female:10, male:4	all right-handed		CC-BY-4.0	Chinese Academy of Scien...				Link	Healthy	ERP	RSVP	MATLAB	No	No		per session: 3 blocks x...						100
Zhou2016	Imagery	4	14	14	3	250	10	3	2	healthy	75	🇨🇳 CN	2016	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...	visual arrow and beep	visual	none		offline	Three-class motor imager...		left mastoid	EEG	standard_1020	50	0.1-100 Hz bandpass, 50...					22	28	male:1, female:3		experienced	CC-BY-4.0	Anhui University	Zenodo		Xiaopei Wu	Link	Healthy	Motor	Research		No	No		per_run							right_hand, left_hand, f...
Zhou2020	Imagery	20	41	41	4	500	5	7	6	healthy	33600	🇨🇳 CN	2021	DOI	left_hand, right_hand, f...	arrow cues	visual	none	synchronous	offline	7-day longitudinal MI-BC...	Neuroscan SynAmps2	vertex (Cz)	Ag/AgCl	standard_1005	50	{'bandpass': [0.5, 100],...				23.2	21	27	female:9, male:11	right-handed	mixed	CC-BY-4.0	Zhejiang University	Zenodo			Link	Healthy	Motor	Research	NPZ	No	No		20 subjects x 7 sessions...							left_hand, right_hand, f...
Zuo2025	Imagery	30	30	30	2	500	4	5	1	patients	500	🇨🇳 CN	2025	DOI	left_leg, right_leg	visual	visual	none	cue-based	offline	2-class lower-limb MI (l...	ZhenTec EEG system	CPz		standard_1005	50				knee_pain	33.5	24	45	female:12, male:18			CC-BY-4.0	Air Force Medical Center...				Link	Knee Pain	Motor	Clinical, Motor Imagery	MAT	No	No		5 sessions x 100 trials...							left_leg, right_leg

Datasets overview:

A visual overview of all datasets can be generated using the functions moabb.datasets.utils.plot_datasets_grid() or moabb.datasets.utils.plot_datasets_cluster(). This overview allows to quickly compare the number of subjects, trials, and sessions across different datasets. The function will generate a figure like this:

Per-Paradigm Detail Tables

The tables below provide paradigm-specific details (trial counts, epoch structure, etc.) that differ across paradigm types.

Column definitions:

• Dataset is the name of the dataset.

• #Subj is the number of subjects.

• #Chan is the number of EEG channels.

• #Trials / class is the number of repetitions performed by one subject for each class. This number is computed using only the first subject of each dataset. The definitions of a **class* and of a trial depend on the paradigm used (see sections below)*.

• Trials length is the duration of trial in seconds.

• Total_trials is the total number of trials in the dataset (all subjects and classes together).

• Freq is the sampling frequency of the raw data.

• #Session is the number of sessions per subject. Different sessions are often recorded on different days.

• #Runs is the number of runs per session. A run is a continuous recording of the EEG data. Often, the different runs of a given session are recorded without removing the EEG cap in between.

Imagery

Imagery is a BCI paradigm where the subject internally rehearses a mental task without any overt movement or vocalization. In MOABB it covers two sub-families that share the same paradigm="imagery" tag and the same moabb.paradigms.MotorImagery / moabb.paradigms.FilterBankMotorImagery paradigm classes:

• Motor imagery — imagining physical movements such as squeezing the left or right hand, moving the tongue, or a specific grasping task.

• Imagined speech — silently imagining speaking a phoneme, word, or phrase. See the imagined speech subsection below for a curated listing.

Imagery-specific definitions:

• #Classes is the number of different imagery tasks.

• Trial is one repetition of the imagery task.

Dataset	#Subj	#Chan	#Classes	#Trials / class	Trials length (s)	Freq (Hz)	#Sessions	#Runs	Total_trials
AlexMI	8	16	3	20	3.0	512.0	1	1	480
BNCI2003_004	5	118	2	84	3.5	100.0	1	1	1400
BNCI2014_001	9	22	4	144	4.0	250.0	2	6	62208
BNCI2014_002	14	15	2	80	5.0	512.0	1	8	17920
BNCI2014_004	9	3	2	360	4.5	250.0	5	1	32400
BNCI2015_001	12	13	2	200	5.0	512.0	3	1	14400
BNCI2015_004	9	30	5	80	7.0	256.0	2	1	7200
Cho2017	52	64	2	100	3.0	512.0	1	1	9800
Kaneshiro2015	10	124	6	864	0.496	62.5	1	1	5184
Lee2019_MI	54	62	2	100	4.0	1000.0	2	1	11000
GrosseWentrup2009	10	128	2	150	7.0	500.0	1	1	3000
Schirrmeister2017	14	128	4	120	4.0	500.0	1	2	13440
Ofner2017	15	61	7	60	3.0	512.0	2	10	63000
PhysionetMI	109	64	4	23	3.0	160.0	1	1	69760
Shin2017A	29	30	2	30	10.0	200.0	3	1	5220
Shin2017B	29	30	2	30	10.0	200.0	3	1	5220
Weibo2014	10	60	7	80	4.0	200.0	1	1	5600
Zhou2016	4	14	3	160	5.0	250.0	3	2	11496
Stieger2021	62	64	4	450	3.0	1000.0	7 or 11	1	250000
Liu2024	50	29	2	20	4.0	500.0	1	1	2000
Beetl2021_A	3	63	4	224	4.0	500.0	1	1	1490
Beetl2021_B	2	32	4	160	4.0	200.0	1	1	1590
Dreyer2023A	60	27	2	20	5.0	512.0	1	6	14400
Dreyer2023B	21	27	2	20	5.0	512.0	1	6	5040
Dreyer2023C	6	27	2	20	5.0	512.0	1	6	1440
Dreyer2023	87	27	2	20	5.0	512.0	1	6	20880
BNCI2020_001	45	varies (11-64)	3	80	5.0	256.0	1	4	7200
BNCI2022_001	13	67	4	varies	90.0	256.0	1	1	varies
BNCI2024_001	20	64	10	varies	3.0	512.0	1	1	varies
BNCI2025_001	20	64	16	varies	4.0	500.0	1	1	varies
BNCI2025_002	10	64	3	varies	8.0	200.0	3	1	varies
BNCI2019_001	10	64	5	varies	3.0	256.0	1	9	varies
Tavakolan2017	12	32	3	20	3.0	1000.0	4	1	2880
Zhang2017	12	17	10	30	4.0	1000.0	1	15	4321
Kaya2018	7	19	3	80	1.0	200.0	3	1	16126
Kumar2024	18	22	2	varies	5.0	512.0	6	varies	7156
Rozado2015	30	32	2	25	6.0	512.0	1	2	1550
Brandl2020	16	63	2	36	4.5	1000.0	1	7	8064
Ma2020	25	62	2	300	4.0	200.0	15	1	15000
Ma2022	25	32	2	239.76	4.0	250.0	5	1	11988
Wairagkar2018	14	19	3	40	6.0	1024.0	1	1	1665
Zhou2020	20	26	4	60	5.0	500.0	7	6	33600
Wu2020	6	132	2	varies	4.0	1000.0	1	varies	1114
Jeong2020	25	60	11	50	4.0	2500.0	3	3	41250
Yang2025	51	59	3	100	7.5	1000.0	3	1	39600
Forenzo2023	25	64	2	varies	60.0	1000.0	5	3	1875
TrianaGuzman2024	32	17	4	varies	15.0	250.0	1	1	7680
NETBCI2026	19	74	2	varies	5.0	250.0	4	6	14431
Chang2025	28	59	3	40	6.0	1000.0	4	1	3360
GuttmannFlury2025_ME	31	62	2	20	7.5	1000.0	3	1	2520
GuttmannFlury2025_MI	31	62	2	20	7.5	1000.0	3	1	2520
HefmiIch2025	37	32	2	15	27.0	256.0	3	1	3330
Yi2025	18	62	8	40	4.0	250.0	1	1	5760
Gao2026	22	32	10	40	4.0	1000.0	2	3	16800
Zuo2025	30	30	2	50	4.0	500.0	5	1	15000
Liu2025	27	64	2	40	5.0	1000.0	1-5	4	8640
AguileraRodriguez2025	15	24	4	30	4.0	500.0	2	1	1800
Nguyen2017_V	8	64	3	100	5.0	256.0	1	1	2400
Nguyen2017_S	6	64	3	100	5.0	256.0	1	1	1800
Nguyen2017_L	6	64	2	100	5.0	256.0	1	1	1200
Nguyen2017_SL	6	64	2	100	5.0	256.0	1	1	1200
Pressel2016	15	6	11	50	4.0	1024.0	1	1	8670
Nieto2022	10	128	4	141	2.5	1024.0	3	1	5640
BCIComp2020UpperLimb	15	60	3	50	4.0	250.0	3	1	6750
Wang2026	39	62	4	varies	5.0	1000.0	5	varies	varies
Iwama2023	30	129	2	320	6.0	1000.0	16	1	19200
Lee2022	7	18	4	30	5.0	500.0	1	3	840
Lioi2020_XP1	10	63	2	40	20.0	5000.0	1	5	780
Lioi2020_XP2	17	63	2	40	20.0	5000.0	1	5	1360
Peterson2020	10	15	2	80	4.0	125.0	1	4	1600
Daly2020	18	19	2	72	20.0	1000.0	1	8	2592
Damm2026	20	62	5	60	6.0	512.0	1	4	6000
Jia2019	15	63	2	40	6.8	512.0	1	2	1200
Ortiz2023	10	27	3	25.6	9.0	200.0	1-2	16	768
MIBMPI2024	8	13	2	110	2.4921875	128.0	2	1	1760
Wang2025	15	62	4	200	3.99609375	256.0	2	2	12000
Perdikis2018	2	16	3		4.0	512.0	1
Alawieh2025	27	32	2		4.0	512.0	1
Shin2022	10	16	2	132	3.0	250.0	1	11	2640
NeuroTUMBCI2025	2	24	4		3.0	250.0	3	1
Brodu2012	1	11	2	280	4.0	512.0	1	14	560
PardoGarcia2026	18	59	2	96.11	1.5	1000.0	1-2	1	3460
MartinezPeon2024	10	14	3	10	5.0	128.0	1	6	300
IMUMIA2026	5	64	10	12	4.0	1000.0	1	5	600
Leeuwis2021	55	16	2	80	4.996	250.0	1	4	8800
Batista2022	20	32	2		5.0	500.0	1	5
Kueper2024	8	64	2	120	3.0	500.0	1	6	1920
Farabbi2020	12	32	2	240	4.0	250.0	3	4	5760
Han2026	35	64	2	120	1.0	1000.0	1	1	8400
Kodera2023	29	9	2		4.0	500.0	1	4
NeBULA2025	39	127	3	30	2.0	1000.0	1	3	3510
MIND2026	30	64	4	30	10.0	1000.0	1	3	3600
Thapa2025	23	31	4	74	4.0	250.0	3	5	6808
MOVING2024	11	32	4	12	6.0	500.0	1	1	528
WRCC2023_MI_A	9	59	3	30	3.999	1000.0	1	90	810
WRCC2023_MI_B	9	59	3	30	3.999	1000.0	1	90	810
WRCC2023_MI_C	8	59	3	30	3.999	1000.0	1	90	720
MIMED2024	30	14	3	4	4.0	128.0	2	6	360
Pan2025	10	28	2	180	3.996	250.0	2	1	3600
PoloHortiguela2025	6	28	2	33	4.0	250.0	2	11	396
Pan2023	14	28	2	120	3.996	250.0	2	1	3360
MartinezPeon2025	50	20	4	10	3.998	500.0	1	4	2000
MILimbEEG	60	16	8		3.992	125.0	1	1
PerezBlanco2026	45	8	4	80	2.5	512.0	1	8	14400
Leelakittisin2025	22	60	2	40	4.0	1200.0	2	1	1760
Vagaja2023	26	32	2	20	10.0	500.0	1	1	1040

Imagined Speech (imagery family)

Welcome to the imagined speech family, where subjects silently imagine speaking words, phonemes, or phrases without any sound or movement. Imagined speech is a close cousin of classical motor imagery: both rely on internal mental rehearsal and both are decoded with similar pipelines. In MOABB, imagined speech datasets are tagged with the imagery paradigm and have a dedicated moabb.paradigms.SpeechImagery class with broadband (1-100 Hz) defaults tuned for speech, while still being compatible with moabb.paradigms.MotorImagery and moabb.paradigms.FilterBankMotorImagery if you prefer the classic motor band.

The family currently contains AguileraRodriguez2025, Nguyen2017_V, _S, _L, _SL, Nieto2022, and Pressel2016 — spanning English and Spanish, phonemes through phrases, and 2 to 11 classes. These rows also appear in the Imagery table above since they share the paradigm="imagery" tag.

Loading mirrors motor imagery — use SpeechImagery for the broadband 1-100 Hz defaults tuned for imagined speech, or MotorImagery if you want the classic 8-32 Hz motor band:

from moabb.datasets import Nieto2022
from moabb.paradigms import SpeechImagery

dataset = Nieto2022()
paradigm = SpeechImagery(n_classes=4)
X, y, metadata = paradigm.get_data(dataset=dataset, subjects=[1])

Dataset	#Subj	#Chan	#Classes	#Trials / class	Trials length (s)	Freq (Hz)	#Sessions	#Runs	Total_trials
AguileraRodriguez2025	15	24	4	30	4.0	500	2	1	1800
Nguyen2017_V	8	64	3	100	5.0	256	1	1	2400
Nguyen2017_S	6	64	3	100	5.0	256	1	1	1800
Nguyen2017_L	6	64	2	100	5.0	256	1	1	1200
Nguyen2017_SL	6	64	2	100	5.0	256	1	1	1200
Pressel2016	15	6	11	50	4.0	1024	1	1	8670
Nieto2022	10	128	4	141	2.5	1024	3	1	5640

P300/ERP

ERP (Event-Related Potential) is a BCI paradigm where the subject is presented with a stimulus and the EEG response is recorded. The P300 is a positive peak in the EEG signal that occurs around 300 ms after the stimulus.

P300-specific definitions:

• A trial is one flash.

• The classes are binary: a trial is target if the key on which the subject focuses is flashed and non-target otherwise.

Dataset	#Subj	#Chan	#Trials / class	Trials length (s)	Freq (Hz)	#Sessions
BNCI2014_008	8	8	3500 NT / 700 T	1.0	256	1
BNCI2014_009	10	16	1440 NT / 288 T	0.8	256	3
BNCI2015_003	10	8	1500 NT / 300 T	0.8	256	1
BI2012	25	16	640 NT / 128 T	1.0	128	1
BI2013a	24	16	3200 NT / 640 T	1.0	512	8 for subjects 1-7 else 1
BI2014a	64	16	990 NT / 198 T	1.0	512	1
BI2014b	38	32	200 NT / 40 T	1.0	512	1
BI2015a	43	32	4131 NT / 825 T	1.0	512	3
BI2015b	44	32	2160 NT / 480 T	1.0	512	1
Cattan2019_VR	21	16	600 NT / 120 T	1.0	512	2
Huebner2017	13	31	364 NT / 112 T	0.9	1000	3
Huebner2018	12	31	364 NT / 112 T	0.9	1000	3
Sosulski2019	13	31	7500 NT / 1500 T	1.2	1000	80
EPFLP300	8	32	2753 NT / 551 T	1.0	2048	4
Lee2019_ERP	54	62	6900 NT / 1380 T	1.0	1000	2
ErpCore2021	40	30	varies by ERP task	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_N170	40	30	240 NT / 80 T	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_MMN	40	30	800 NT / 200 T	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_N2pc	40	30	160 NT / 160 T	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_P3	40	30	160 NT / 40 T	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_N400	40	30	60 NT / 60 T	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_ERN	40	30	~400 All	1.0	1024	1
ErpCore2021_LRP	40	30	~400 All	1.0	1024	1
Kojima2024A	11	64	~130 NT / ~65 T	1.0	1000	1
Kojima2024B	15	64	2160 NT / 720 T	1.0	1000	1
RomaniBF2025ERP	22	8	540 NT / 60 T	1.0	250	up to 3
BNCI2015_009	21	62	10071 NT / 2014 T	0.8	1000	1
BNCI2015_010	12	63	18850 NT / 650 T	0.8	1000	1
BNCI2015_012	10	63	6075 NT / 759 T	1.0	1000	1
BNCI2015_013	6	64	809 NT / 235 T	0.6	512	20
BNCI2016_002	15	69	varies brake / EMG	1.5	200	1
BNCI2020_002	18	31	varies NT / T	16.0	250	1
BNCI2015_006	11	64	~875 NT / ~856 T	1.0	200	1
BNCI2015_007	16	63	varies NT / T	0.7	100	1
BNCI2015_008	13	63	varies NT / T	1.0	250	1
Lee2021Mobile_ERP	24	32	250 NT / 50 T	1.0	500	5 for subjects 1-18 else 4
GuttmannFlury2025_P300	31	66	varies NT / T	1.0	1000	1-3
Mainsah2025_A	13	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_B	19	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	up to 8
Mainsah2025_C	19	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_D	17	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_E	8	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_F	10	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	3
Mainsah2025_G	20	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_H	16	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_I	13	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_J	20	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_K	5	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	up to 2
Mainsah2025_L	11	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_M	21	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_N	8	16	varies NT / T	1.0	256	2
Mainsah2025_O	18	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	2
Mainsah2025_P	19	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	2
Mainsah2025_Q	36	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	3
Mainsah2025_R	20	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	2
Mainsah2025_S1	10	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Mainsah2025_S2	24	32	varies NT / T	1.0	256	1
Chailloux2020	19	8	varies NT / T	1.0	256	3
Lee2024_TV	30	31	varies NT / T	1.0	500	1
Lee2024_DL	15	31	varies NT / T	1.0	500	1
Lee2024_EL	15	31	varies NT / T	1.0	500	1
Lee2024_BS	14	31	varies NT / T	1.0	500	1
Lee2024_AC	10	25	varies NT / T	1.0	500	1
Zheng2020	14	62	168 T / 4032 NT	1.0	1000	2
Zhang2025	15	57	varies T / NT	1.0	1000	4
Simoes2020	15	8	varies NT / T	1.0	250	7
Speier2017	10	32	~1200 per run	1.0	256	2
BCIComp2020WalkingERP	15	46	240 NT / 60 T	1.0	100	1
Yagan2023	18	32	26400 NT / 4800 T	1.2	1000	1

SSVEP

SSVEP (Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential) is a BCI paradigm where the subject is presented with flickering stimuli. The EEG signal is modulated at the same frequency as the stimulus. Each stimulus is flickering at a different frequency.

SSVEP-specific definitions:

• #Classes is the number of different stimulation frequencies.

• A trial is one symbol selection. This includes multiple flashes.

Dataset	#Subj	#Chan	#Classes	#Trials / class	Trials length (s)	Freq (Hz)	#Sessions
Lee2019_SSVEP	54	62	4	50	4.0	1000	2
Kalunga2016	12	8	4	16	2.0	256	1
MAMEM1	11	256	5	12-15	3.0	250	1
MAMEM2	11	256	5	20-30	3.0	250	1
MAMEM3	11	14	5	20-30	3.0	128	1
Nakanishi2015	10	8	12	15	4.15	256	1
Wang2016	34	64	40	6	5.0	250	1
Liu2020BETA	70	64	40	4	3.0	250	1
Liu2022EldBETA	100	64	9	7	6.0	1000	7
Kim2025BetaRange	40	33	40	6	5.0	1024	6
Dong2023	59	8	40	4	4.0	250	1
Lee2021Mobile_SSVEP	23	32	3	20	5.0	500	4 for subjects 1-18 else 3
Chen2017SingleFlicker	12	32	4	varies	3.5	512/2048	2
Wang2021Combined	8	32	4	varies	5.0	1000	1
Han2024Fatigue	24	64	32	6-24	2.0	1000	2
GuttmannFlury2025_SSVEP	31	66	4	12	5.0	1000	1-3
Schrag2026Pediatric	47	16	4	3	5.0	256	1
Lenaig2026	24	24	2	10	10.0	500	1

c-VEP

Include neuro experiments where the participant is presented with psuedo-random noise-codes, such as m-sequences, Gold codes, or any arbitrary “pseudo-random” code. Specifically, the difference with SSVEP is that SSVEP presents periodic stimuli, while c-VEP presents non-periodic stimuli. For a review of c-VEP BCI, see:

Martínez-Cagigal, V., Thielen, J., Santamaria-Vazquez, E., Pérez-Velasco, S., Desain, P.,& Hornero, R. (2021). Brain–computer interfaces based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEP): A literature review. Journal of Neural Engineering, 18(6), 061002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac38cf

c-VEP-specific definitions:

• A trial is one symbol selection. This includes multiple flashes.

• #Trial classes is the number of different symbols.

• #Epoch classes is the number of possible intensities for the flashes (for a visual cVEP paradigm). Typically, there are only two intensities: on and off.

• #Epochs / class the number of flashes per intensity in each session.

• Codes is the type of code used in the experiment.

• Presentation rate is the rate at which the codes are presented.

Dataset	#Subj	#Sessions	Freq (Hz)	#Chan	Trials length (s)	#Trial classes	#Trials / class	#Epochs classes	#Epochs / class	Codes	Presentation rate (Hz)
MartinezCagigal2023Pary	16	5	256	16	5.3/6.7/10.3/4.0/10.0	16	2-30	2-11	6200-19220	p-ary m-sequence	120
MartinezCagigal2023Checker	16	8	256	16	4.2	16	2-30	2	11904/12288	m-sequence	120
Thielen2015	12	1	2048	64	4.2	36	3	2	27216 NT / 27216 T	Gold codes	120
Thielen2021	30	1	512	8	31.5	20	5	2	18900 NT / 18900 T	Gold codes	60
CastillosCVEP100	12	1	500	32	2.2	4	15/15/15/15	2	3525 NT / 3495 T	m-sequence	60
CastillosCVEP40	12	1	500	32	2.2	4	15/15/15/15	2	3525 NT / 3495 T	m-sequence	60
CastillosBurstVEP40	12	1	500	32	2.2	4	15/15/15/15	2	5820 NT / 1200 T	Burst-CVEP	60
CastillosBurstVEP100	12	1	500	32	2.2	4	15/15/15/15	2	5820 NT / 1200 T	Burst-CVEP	60

Resting States

Include neuro experiments where the participant is not actively doing something. For example, recoding the EEG of a subject while s/he is having the eye closed or opened is a resting state experiment.

Dataset	#Subj	#Chan	#Classes	#Blocks / class	Trials length (s)	Freq (Hz)	#Sessions
Cattan2019_PHMD	12	16	2	5	60	512	1
Hinss2021	15	62	4	1	2	250	2
Rodrigues2017	19	16	2	5	10	512	1

Compound Datasets

Compound Datasets are datasets compounded with subjects from other datasets. It is useful for merging different datasets (including other Compound Datasets), select a sample of subject inside a dataset (e.g. subject with high/low performance).

Dataset	#Subj	#Original datasets
BI2014a_Il	17	BI2014a
BI2014b_Il	11	BI2014b
BI2015a_Il	2	BI2015a
BI2015b_Il	25	BI2015b
Cattan2019_VR_Il	4	Cattan2019_VR
BI_Il	59	BI2014a_Il BI2014b_Il BI2015a_Il BI2015b_Il Cattan2019_VR_Il

Submit a new dataset

you can submit a new dataset by mentioning it to this issue. The datasets currently on our radar can be seen here, but we are open to any suggestion.

If you want to actively contribute to inclusion of one new dataset, you can follow also this tutorial tutorial.